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  3. Researchers have studied the poor as individuals, as families and households, as members of poor communities, neighborhoods and

Researchers have studied the poor as individuals, as families and households, as members of poor communities, neighborhoods and

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问题     Researchers have studied the poor as individuals, as families and households, as members of poor communities, neighborhoods and regions, as products of larger poverty-creating structures. They have been analyzed as victims of crime and criminals, as members of minority cultures, as passive consumers of mass culture and active producers of a "counterculture" , as participants in the informal economy, as inventors of survival strategies, as an economic burden and as a reserve army of labor—to mention just some of the preoccupations of poverty research.
    The elites, who occupy the small upper stratum within the category of the non-poor, and their functions in the emergence and reproduction of poverty are as interesting and important an object for poverty research as are the poor themselves. The elites have images of the poor and of poverty which shape their decisions and actions. So far, little is known about those images, except as they are sketchily portrayed in popular stereotypes. The elites may well ignore or deny the external effects of their own actions(and omissions)upon the living conditions of the poor. Many social scientists may take a very different view. As poverty emerged and was reproduced, legal frameworks were created to contain the problems it caused with profound, and largely unknown, consequences for the poor themselves. In general, political, educational and social institutions tend to ignore or even damage the interests of the poor. In constructing a physical infrastructure for transport, industry, trade and tourism, the settlements of the poor are often the first to suffer or to be left standing and exposed to pollution, noise and crowding.
    Most important are the economic functions of poverty, as for lack of other options, the poor are forced to perform activities considered degrading or unclean. The poor are more likely to buy secondhand goods, and leftover foodstuffs, thus prolonging their economic utility. They are more likely to use the services of low-quality doctors, teachers and lawyers whom the non-poor shy away from. Poverty and the poor serve an important symbolic function, in reminding citizens of the lot that may befall those who do not heed the values of thrift, diligence and cleanliness, and of the constant threat that the rough, the immoral and the violent represent for the rest of society.
    Physically, the poor and the non-poor are often kept apart, through differential land use and ghettoi-zation. Socially, they are separated through differential participation in the labor market, the consumption economy, and in political, social and cultural institutions. Conceptually, they are divided through stereotyping and media cliche. This separation is even more pronounced between the elites and the poor.
In the passage, the author is mainly concerned with______.
选项 A、analyzing a problem
B、providing a solution
C、defining a situation
D、outlining a proposal
答案A
解析 主题题。本文的侧重点不是如何解决贫困问题([B]和[D]表达的内容)，而是如何全面研究贫困问题。第一段描述了目前对贫困问题的研究；第二段指出了社会学家研究上的不足，认为不仅应该研究贫困者，还应该研究造成贫困的社会、政治等冈素——特别是社会上层的人在造成贫困上的作用，最后一段又回到这个问题；第三段描述了穷人所面临的境况。可见，作者更多的是在分析问题。由此可知，本题正确答案为选项[A]。
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