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  3. Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high u

Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high u

admin2016-02-04  73
问题     Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.
    But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centres of production and work?
    The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting(令人气馁，令人望而生畏)thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.
    Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived. Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assumes this norm today, and restricts more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.
    It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded—a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.
    All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the utopian goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full time jobs.
Questions:
By asking "some fundamental questions about the future of work", the author intends to emphasize the point that______.
选项 A、being employed is not the only way of surviving
B、high unemployment is not such a bad thing
C、people should work at home as well as in the factories or offices
D、people should pay more attention to their household and neighbourhood
答案A
解析 第2题问作者用“未来工作中的一些基本问题”想要强调什么。利用查阅式阅读法先在文章中找到关键信息“some fundamental questions about the future of work”，然后仔细阅读一下关键提示词所在的上下文，经过分析推理，即可找出正确答案应选择A：拥有工作并不是唯一的生存方式。文章第二段指出，但是我们需要更进一步探讨这个问题。关于未来工作我们必需问几个根本问题。如：我们还应该继续把在业就职看做是常规吗?难道不应该鼓励那些有自尊的人寻求其他多种工作方式吗?难道我们不应该创造一种许多人都可以为自己工作而不是受雇于他人的工作条件吗?难道我们不应该以搞活家庭、社区、工厂以及办公室作为生产工作的中心为目标吗?根据这一系列的问题，我们可以推断出未来的工作方式和生存方式应该多种多样。所以，本题的正确答案应是A。
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