2. 外语
  3. Every group has a culture, however uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic supe

Every group has a culture, however uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic supe

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问题     Every group has a culture, however uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist, there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.      People once thought of the languages of backward groups as undeveloped. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex. They differ from Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this aspect, two things are to be noted. First, all languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. Second, the objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in "backward" languages, while different from the West, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness ("this" and "that"). But some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.  
It is implied that all cultures have to be viewed______.
选项 A、profoundly
B、intrinsically
C、independently
D、professionally
答案C
解析 推断题型。 根据第一段人类学家的观点，各民族的文化是平等的，也就是说应该按照一个完整的个体来对待。另外，第二段的中间部分提到，所有的语言都是有扩大词汇的方式方法的，日常活动和熟悉事物都需要名称，要进行辨别，这些自然要导致语言本身形成自己的体系，也就相对是独立的了。
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