2. 外语
  3. 1 In the second half of the 20th century, the world became, quite literally, a darker place. 2 Defying expectation and easy expl

1 In the second half of the 20th century, the world became, quite literally, a darker place. 2 Defying expectation and easy expl

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问题 1 In the second half of the 20th century, the world became, quite literally, a darker place.
2 Defying expectation and easy explanation, hundreds of instruments around the world recorded a drop in sunshine reaching the surface of Earth, as much as 10 percent from the late 1950’s to the early 90’s, or 2 percent to 3percent a decade. In some regions like Asia, the United States and Europe, the drop was even steeper. In Hong Kong, sunlight decreased 37 percent.
3 No one is predicting that it may soon be night all day, and some scientists theorize that the skies have brightened in the last decade as the suspected cause of global dimming, air pollution, clears up in many parts of the world.
4 Yet the dimming trend — noticed by a handful of scientists 20 years ago but dismissed then as unbelievable — is attracting wide attention.
5 "There could be a big gorilla sitting on the dining table, and we didn’t know about it," said Dr. Veerabhadran Ramanathan, a professor of climate and atmospheric sciences at the University of California, San Diego. "There are many, many issues that it raises."
6 Dr. James E. Hansen, director of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies in Manhattan, said that scientists had long known that pollution particles reflected some sunlight, but that they were now realizing the magnitude of the effect.
7 "It’s occurred over a long time period," Dr. Hansen said. "So it’s not something that, perhaps, jumps out at you as a person in the street. But it’s a large effect."
8 Satellite measurements show that the sun remains as bright as ever, but that less and less sunlight has been making it through the atmosphere to the ground.
9 Pollution dims sunlight in two ways, scientists theorize. Some light bounces off soot particles in the air and goes back into outer space. The pollution also causes more water droplets to condense out of air, leading to thicker, darker clouds, which also block more light. For that reason, the dimming appears to be more pronounced on cloudy days than sunny ones. Some less polluted regions have had little or no dimming.
10 The dynamics of global dimming are not completely understood. Antarctica, which would be expected to have clean air, has also dimmed.
11 "In general, we don’t really understand this thing that’s going on," said Dr. Shabtai Cohen, a scientist in the Israeli Agriculture Ministry who has studied dimming for a decade. "And we don’t have the whole story."  
The underlined word "dynamics" is closest in meaning to ______.
选项 A、motivations
B、powers
C、courses
D、causes
答案D
解析 “dynamic”此处指产生变化、行动、或影响的力量。
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