2. 外语
  3. A. abuse B. award C. badly D. compliments E. correlation F. expressive G. generously H. institutionalized I

A. abuse B. award C. badly D. compliments E. correlation F. expressive G. generously H. institutionalized I

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问题    A. abuse    B. award     C. badly      D. compliments  E. correlation
   F. expressive   G. generously   H. institutionalized  I. practice    J. rated
   K. replaced   L. reserved    M. reward     N. undermined   O. variability
   In America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry. A recent poll showed that 40% of Americans hate the 【C1】______. Tips should not exist. So why do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both 【C2】______ the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality. But according to new research from Cornell University, tipping no longer serves any useful functions.
   The paper analyses data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants. The 【C3】______ between larger tips and better service was very weak: only a tiny part of the 【C4】______ in the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service. Customers who【C5】______a meal as "excellent" still tipped anywhere between 8% and 37% of the meal price.
   Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom has become 【C6】______: it is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In a New York restaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean 【C7】______ from the waiter. Hairdressers can expect to get 15-20%, the man who delivers your groceries $2. In Europe, tipping is less common; in many restaurants, discretionary (任意的)tipping is being 【C8】______ by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all.
   How to account for these national differences? According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell paper’s co-author, countries in which people are more extrovert (外向的), sociable tend to tip more. And, says Mr. Lynn, "in America, where people are outgoing and 【C9】______, tipping is about social approval. If you tip 【C10】______ people think less of you." Icelanders, by contrast, do not usually tip—a measure of their introversion, no doubt.
【C8】
选项
答案K
解析 is being和by…提示空格处应填入动词的过去分词，构成现在进行时的被动语态。上一分句提到，在欧洲付小费没有那么普遍(less common)；由此可知，“标准服务价格”替代了“随意支付小费”，填入的动词应含“取代，替代”之意，replaced符合语义，故选K。reserved“预订”和undermined“破坏”代入句中，语义不通，可排除。
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