首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
The earliest English dictionaries for foreign learners were an outgrowth of English language teaching by British educators in Ja
The earliest English dictionaries for foreign learners were an outgrowth of English language teaching by British educators in Ja
admin
2019-04-11
72
问题
The earliest English dictionaries for foreign learners were an outgrowth of English language teaching by British educators in Japan. The New Method English Dictionary (1935) was the first dictionary for foreign learners. Oxford editions of the Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (OALD) were not seriously challenged until the appearance in 1978 of the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE) .
LDOCE was an innovative work in a number of ways. With a completely modern approach to vocabulary selection, containing many current idioms, slang, and colloquialisms, LDOCE was well received by learners and teachers alike. It gave much more attention to American English than the contemporary e-dition of OALD. It simplified the presentation of grammar, employed a defining vocabulary limited to about 2, 000 words, and was printed in an attractive, readable style. Suddenly the door was open for other ESL dictionaries. It was not long before others seized upon the opportunity to compete in this growing market. Following the publication of LDOCE in 1978, the rapid development of linguistic corpora resulted in two major new ESL dictionaries—Collins Cobuild English Language Dictionary in 1987 and Cambridge International Dictionary of English in 1995 to join OALD and LDOCE
ESL lexicography is an area in which the British have always been far ahead of America because historically the teaching of English throughout world was largely a product of British colonialism and the role of British missionaries to spread the word of the English Bible. Both in theory and practice, ESL lexicography had been led by British and other European scholars of the English language. The last few years, however, have seen a dramatic change in the North American market. In the past, Oxford and Longman produced ESL dictionaries for the American market, supposedly in American English, but both were small in size and were obviously closely based on their British progenitors. As far as the coverage of many common American usages went, they were grossly inadequate.
The publication of the Longman Dictionary of American English (2nd, 1997) marks a turning point in the history of ESL lexicography in America, as this is the first corpus-based, soundly edited ESL dictionary giving extensive coverage of American English. It was followed in 1998 by the Oxford American Wordpower Dictionary, and in late 1999 by the Cambridge Dictionary of American English, which was based on a large corpus of current American English. These three, all published under the imprints of British publishers but edited by American lexicographers, have raised the quality of ESL lexicography in America to a higher level. However, as these three dictionaries have been joined by a raft of other dictionaries , none of them is corpus-based, and therefore not nearly as reliable in representing actual usage , although they are not without their individual merits. Now that American publishers have discovered there is an ESL market for American English, we can expect a continuing stream of dictionaries, but they have a long way to go before they will be able to match the British-made ESL dictionaries, especially at the advanced levels.
选项
答案
最早为外国学习者编纂的英语 词典是英国教育工作者在日本进行英语教学的产物。1935年出版的《新方法英语词典》是第一部专门面向外国学习者的词典。直到1978年,《朗文当代高级英语辞典》问世,牛津版《高阶英语词典》在英语学习词典领域的地位才受到严峻挑战。 《朗文当代高级英语辞典》在许多方面都有创新。它采用了完全现代化的选词方法,收录了许多流行的成语、俚语、俗语,因而受到师生的一致好评。较《牛津高阶当代英语词典》而言,它更侧重美式英语。此外,它还简化了语法的呈现方式,仅使用约2 000个词汇解释词义,且印刷风格新颖,极具可读性。不断增长的词典需求瞬间打开了市场大门,为其他英语学习型词典提供了发展机遇。很快,又有其他字典抓住机会,加入竞争行列。在1978年《朗文当代高级词典》的出版之后,随着语言语料库快速发展,又出现了两本重要的英语学习型词典——1987年出版的《柯林斯高级英语学习词典》和1995年出版的《剑桥国际英语词典》。 在英语学习型词典编纂领域,英国一直遥遥领先于美国,因为从历史上来说,全世界的英语教学基本上都是英国殖民主义的产物,是英国传教士传播英文版《圣经》的产物。无论是从理论还是从实践上来说,英语学习型词典的编纂工作一直由英国和欧洲其他国家的英语语言学者引领。然而,过去几年,北美市场发生了惊人的变化。过去,美国市场的英语学习型词典皆出自牛津或朗文。据称它们使用的是美式英语,但开本太小,且明显只是基于英式英语的版本,就许多常见的美式英语用法而言,并未收录完全。 1997年,第二版《朗文美语词典》的出版成为美国英语学习型词典编纂工作的一个历史性转折点,因为这是第一部基于语料库、制作精良且美语覆盖面广的英语学习型词典。之后,1998年, 《牛津美语词汇拓展词典》出版,次年末,以现代美式英语大型语料库为基础的《剑桥美国英语词典》问世。这三部词典虽然都由英国出版商发行,但却由美国词典编纂者编辑,将美国的英语学习型词典编纂质量提升到了更高的水平。这三部字典的竞争者繁多,而且各有优点,但他们都没有语料库基础,因此在实际应用时不如它们可靠。既然美国出版商看到了英语学习者对美式英语的需求,我们可以预见到,市场将迎来源源不绝的词典,不过要做到与英国制作的英语学习型词典,尤其是高阶版抗衡,它们依然任重而道远。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/UPfa777K
本试题收录于:
翻译硕士(英语翻译基础)题库专业硕士分类
0
翻译硕士(英语翻译基础)
专业硕士
相关试题推荐
甲向异地的乙以平信方式发出要约,要约中为乙规定了15天的承诺期限。2小时后,甲又改变计划,以特快专递向乙发出通知,取消要约。该通知先于要约到达乙。对此,下列说法正确的是()。
I’veneverbeenmoreawareofthelimitationsoflanguagethanwhenItrytodescribebeauty.Languagecancreateitsownloveli
ItsforeignpolicyisbecomingnotsomuchIslamicasOttoman,reestablishingasphereofinfluenceithadfor400years.Abdull
过去5年,中国经济年均增速超过7%,对世界经济增长的贡献率达到30%,也助力了东盟国家的经济发展。中国自东盟进口累计超过1万亿美元,对东盟累计直接投资达360亿美元,是东盟国家重要的出口目的地和投资来源地。目前中国经济已转向高质量发展阶段,新动能加快成长,
中国经济同亚太和世界经济的相互联系、相互依存不断加深。中国将集中精力做好自己的事情,也要努力使自身发展更好惠及亚太和世界。中国将奉行与邻为善、以邻为伴的周边外交方针和睦邻、富邻、安邻的周边外交政策,贯彻亲、诚、惠、容的周边外交理念,愿意同所有邻国和睦相处。
经济发展新常态
结构性减税
太和殿
安居工程
随机试题
燃烧三要素是指()
DanielAnderson,afamouspsychologist,believesit’simportanttodistinguishtelevision’sinfluencesonchildrenfromthose
HPV不经过哪种途径传播
下列选项中,属于建筑工程一切险承保的是()。
下列民事诉讼参与人中,在诉讼中无需回避的是()。
下列体育动作名称中,哪一项是跳远动作的技术?()
对等网络
OriginallyintroducedbyNetscapeCommunications,(66)areageneralmechanismwhichHTTPServersideapplications,suchasCGI(67)
在考生文件夹中有一个工程文件execise81.vbp及窗体文件execise81.frm。在名为Form1的窗体上已经绘制出所有控件,如下图所示。在Text1文本框中输入一个任意的字符串(要求串的长度≥10),然后选择组合框中的3个截取运算选项之一。单击
数据库设计的根本目标是要解决
最新回复
(
0
)