首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
The earliest English dictionaries for foreign learners were an outgrowth of English language teaching by British educators in Ja
The earliest English dictionaries for foreign learners were an outgrowth of English language teaching by British educators in Ja
admin
2019-04-11
62
问题
The earliest English dictionaries for foreign learners were an outgrowth of English language teaching by British educators in Japan. The New Method English Dictionary (1935) was the first dictionary for foreign learners. Oxford editions of the Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (OALD) were not seriously challenged until the appearance in 1978 of the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE) .
LDOCE was an innovative work in a number of ways. With a completely modern approach to vocabulary selection, containing many current idioms, slang, and colloquialisms, LDOCE was well received by learners and teachers alike. It gave much more attention to American English than the contemporary e-dition of OALD. It simplified the presentation of grammar, employed a defining vocabulary limited to about 2, 000 words, and was printed in an attractive, readable style. Suddenly the door was open for other ESL dictionaries. It was not long before others seized upon the opportunity to compete in this growing market. Following the publication of LDOCE in 1978, the rapid development of linguistic corpora resulted in two major new ESL dictionaries—Collins Cobuild English Language Dictionary in 1987 and Cambridge International Dictionary of English in 1995 to join OALD and LDOCE
ESL lexicography is an area in which the British have always been far ahead of America because historically the teaching of English throughout world was largely a product of British colonialism and the role of British missionaries to spread the word of the English Bible. Both in theory and practice, ESL lexicography had been led by British and other European scholars of the English language. The last few years, however, have seen a dramatic change in the North American market. In the past, Oxford and Longman produced ESL dictionaries for the American market, supposedly in American English, but both were small in size and were obviously closely based on their British progenitors. As far as the coverage of many common American usages went, they were grossly inadequate.
The publication of the Longman Dictionary of American English (2nd, 1997) marks a turning point in the history of ESL lexicography in America, as this is the first corpus-based, soundly edited ESL dictionary giving extensive coverage of American English. It was followed in 1998 by the Oxford American Wordpower Dictionary, and in late 1999 by the Cambridge Dictionary of American English, which was based on a large corpus of current American English. These three, all published under the imprints of British publishers but edited by American lexicographers, have raised the quality of ESL lexicography in America to a higher level. However, as these three dictionaries have been joined by a raft of other dictionaries , none of them is corpus-based, and therefore not nearly as reliable in representing actual usage , although they are not without their individual merits. Now that American publishers have discovered there is an ESL market for American English, we can expect a continuing stream of dictionaries, but they have a long way to go before they will be able to match the British-made ESL dictionaries, especially at the advanced levels.
选项
答案
最早为外国学习者编纂的英语 词典是英国教育工作者在日本进行英语教学的产物。1935年出版的《新方法英语词典》是第一部专门面向外国学习者的词典。直到1978年,《朗文当代高级英语辞典》问世,牛津版《高阶英语词典》在英语学习词典领域的地位才受到严峻挑战。 《朗文当代高级英语辞典》在许多方面都有创新。它采用了完全现代化的选词方法,收录了许多流行的成语、俚语、俗语,因而受到师生的一致好评。较《牛津高阶当代英语词典》而言,它更侧重美式英语。此外,它还简化了语法的呈现方式,仅使用约2 000个词汇解释词义,且印刷风格新颖,极具可读性。不断增长的词典需求瞬间打开了市场大门,为其他英语学习型词典提供了发展机遇。很快,又有其他字典抓住机会,加入竞争行列。在1978年《朗文当代高级词典》的出版之后,随着语言语料库快速发展,又出现了两本重要的英语学习型词典——1987年出版的《柯林斯高级英语学习词典》和1995年出版的《剑桥国际英语词典》。 在英语学习型词典编纂领域,英国一直遥遥领先于美国,因为从历史上来说,全世界的英语教学基本上都是英国殖民主义的产物,是英国传教士传播英文版《圣经》的产物。无论是从理论还是从实践上来说,英语学习型词典的编纂工作一直由英国和欧洲其他国家的英语语言学者引领。然而,过去几年,北美市场发生了惊人的变化。过去,美国市场的英语学习型词典皆出自牛津或朗文。据称它们使用的是美式英语,但开本太小,且明显只是基于英式英语的版本,就许多常见的美式英语用法而言,并未收录完全。 1997年,第二版《朗文美语词典》的出版成为美国英语学习型词典编纂工作的一个历史性转折点,因为这是第一部基于语料库、制作精良且美语覆盖面广的英语学习型词典。之后,1998年, 《牛津美语词汇拓展词典》出版,次年末,以现代美式英语大型语料库为基础的《剑桥美国英语词典》问世。这三部词典虽然都由英国出版商发行,但却由美国词典编纂者编辑,将美国的英语学习型词典编纂质量提升到了更高的水平。这三部字典的竞争者繁多,而且各有优点,但他们都没有语料库基础,因此在实际应用时不如它们可靠。既然美国出版商看到了英语学习者对美式英语的需求,我们可以预见到,市场将迎来源源不绝的词典,不过要做到与英国制作的英语学习型词典,尤其是高阶版抗衡,它们依然任重而道远。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/UPfa777K
本试题收录于:
翻译硕士(英语翻译基础)题库专业硕士分类
0
翻译硕士(英语翻译基础)
专业硕士
相关试题推荐
甲向异地的乙以平信方式发出要约,要约中为乙规定了15天的承诺期限。2小时后,甲又改变计划,以特快专递向乙发出通知,取消要约。该通知先于要约到达乙。对此,下列说法正确的是()。
2017年11月25日,甲(2003年11月26日出生)在公共汽车上将手伸进丙的衣袋偷东西,丙发现后立即抓住甲的手。甲的同伙乙(2000年12月5日出生)见状拔出甲随身携带的匕首刺向丙胸部。丙情急之下拉过乘客陈某的胳膊挡在自己前面,乙刺中陈某胳膊,致其轻伤
安居工程
Untilearlyinthiscentury,theisolationisttendencyprevailedinAmericanforeignpolicy.Then,twofactorsprojectedAmerica
结构性调整
种种迹象表明,我国互联网正在进入2.0阶段,其标志之一是网民结构发生重大变化,互联网普及率提高。
一个时期以来,随着我国经济的持续高速发展,西方一些不太友好的政客,眼睛总是盯着中国经济发展找茬发难。首先他们把原油涨价归结为中国进口原油所致,说中国人把石油价格买了上去。他们2亿人消耗了8亿吨原油不说什么,我们13亿人用了不到4亿吨他们倒说三道四了。然后又
转变经济发展方式
我们的经济保持中高速增长,在世界主要国家中名列前茅,国内生产总值从五十四万亿元增长到八十万亿元,稳居世界第二,对世界经济增长贡献率超过百分之三十。供给侧结构性改革深入推进,经济结构不断优化,数字经济等新兴产业蓬勃发展,高铁、公路、桥梁、港口、机场等基础设施
互联网成为人们获取新闻信息的重要途径。中国的通讯社、报社、广播电台、电视台等利用资源优势和品牌优势开展网络新闻传播,满足人们的新闻信息需求,已形成人民网、新华网、央视网、中国广播网等一批综合新闻信息服务网站,不仅扩大了权威新闻信息传播的广度,而且为传统媒体
随机试题
婴儿7个月,发热2天,体温39~40℃,稍咳,一般情况佳,除流涕及咽部微充血外,未见其他异常,家长给予口服速效感冒灵。本病的诊断已明确,其病原为下列哪一种
截止阀阀杆转动不灵活是由于阀杆弯曲变形或阀杆、螺纹、螺母有损伤而造成的,其处理的方法是()。
变电站中,500kV并联电抗器额定电流2000A,三相电抗不平衡引起的中性点电流,中性点小电抗的额定电流选择值应大于()。
个人理财规划要解决的首要问题是保障财务安全。( )
目前许多大学生毕业后不是直接参加工作,而是继续读研究生,请你运用人力资本投资的有关理论,完成下列问题:下列属于人力资本投资的涌动的有()。
我国新课改倡导的发展性评价的基本内涵主要有()
简述名誉权与荣誉权的区别。[中山大学2015年研;中南财大2014年研]
二元函数f(x,y)=在点(0,0)处
Humanbeingsareafraidofratsmainlybecause______.Thetextismainlytotellus______.
FewmenhaveinfluencedthedevelopmentofAmericanEnglishtotheextentthatNoahWebsterdid.BorninWestHartford,Connecti
最新回复
(
0
)