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  3. The US court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual hierarchies; there are both state and

The US court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual hierarchies; there are both state and

admin2012-07-17  56
问题     The US court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual hierarchies; there are both state and federal courts. Each state has its own system of courts,composed of civil and criminal trial courts, sometimes intermediate courts of appeal, and a state supreme court. The federal court system consists of a series of trial courts (called district courts) serving relatively small geographic regions (there is at least one for every state), a tier (系列, 等级) of circuit (巡回) courts of appeal that hear appeals from many district courts in a particular geographic region, and the Supreme Court of the United States. The two court systems are to some extent overlapping, in that certain kinds of disputes (such as a claim that a state law is in violation of the Constitution) may be initiated in either system. They are also to some extent hierarchical, for the federal system stands above the state system in that litigants (诉讼当事人) (persons engaged in lawsuits) who lose their cases in the state supreme court may appeal their cases to the Supreme Court of the United States.
    Thus, the typical court case begins in a trial court—a court of general jurisdiction (司法) in the state or federal system. Most cases go no further than the trial court: for example, the criminal defendant is convicted (by a trial or a guilty plea) and sentenced by the court and the case ends; the personal injury suit results in a judgment by a trial court [or an out-of-court settlement by the parties while the court suit is pending (悬而未决的)] and the parties leave the court system. But sometimes the losing party at the trial court care enough about the course that the matter does not end there. In these cases, the "loser" at the trial court may appeal to the next higher court.
It can be inferred from the passage that typical court cases are______.
选项 A、always appealed
B、usually resolved in the district courts
C、always overlapping
D、usually settled by the Supreme Court
答案B
解析 文中第二段第一句说：“这样，典型的案件审理是从州的或联邦系统中的初审法院——具有一般管辖权的法院——开始的。”根据文中第一段第三句我们可知，初审法院也称做区法院。由此我们可以判断出答案B符合题意。本题亦可通过排除法找到答案。根据法律常识，一般案件在初级法庭就可解决，如果总是上诉的就不是一般案件了，故选项A可排除；一般案件也不可能总是相互重叠，选项C语义和逻辑上均不通，故很容易排除掉；同选项A一样，选项D说通常要在最高法院解决，与常识不符，可排除。
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