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  3. When you get interrupted in the middle of something, it can be hard to regain your train of thought, which can be annoying. But

When you get interrupted in the middle of something, it can be hard to regain your train of thought, which can be annoying. But

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问题     When you get interrupted in the middle of something, it can be hard to regain your train of thought, which can be annoying. But when you’re interrupted while measuring medication for patients, the consequences can be more serious. A new study published in the Archives of Internal Medicine finds that, perhaps unsurprisingly, when interrupted while dosing out medication, nurses are more likely to make mistakes.
    Researchers at the University of Sydney studied 98 nurses while they prepared and administered medications to more than 4,000 patients in almost 1.5 years. For a total of 505 hours during this period, investigators noted any interruptions that nurses encountered while dealing with medication, and also tracked two types of mistakes: procedural, which included things like not reading medication labels or failing to fully read a patient chart, and clinical, which included actually giving patients the wrong dose or wrong medication.
    For all administrations of medication studied, researchers noted that nurses were interrupted more than half the time (53％), and researchers noted procedural errors in nearly three quarters (74.4％) of administrations, and clinical errors in a quarter of all cases. The study authors also point out that the risk for major errors increased significantly the more when nurses were interrupted and that with no interruptions, the risk for a serious mistake was 2.3％.
    While it’s understandable that some interruptions will, of necessity, take place during a nurse’s work day, the authors suggest that such high levels of interruption and the resulting increase in errors associated with them point to a need for efforts to better enable nurses to focus on the task at hand. They write: "The converging evidence of the high rate of interruptions occurring during medication preparation and administration adds impetus to the need to develop and implement strategies to improve communication practices and to reduce unnecessary interruptions within ward environments."
    To that end, they suggest that simple measures such as installing white boards in hospital wards to prominently display commonly needed information or having nurses wear special "do not interrupt" vests while preparing or giving patients medication, could go some distance toward minimizing mistakes. They also suggest that reconsidering how the physical space of a hospital ward is organized could play a role in reducing errors. Whatever the potential solution, the authors say that this is indeed a problem, and one that requires additional research to solve.
It can be learned that the research at the University of Sydney ________.
选项 A、covered over 4,000 subjects
B、lasted one year and a half
C、only focused on procedural errors
D、studied nurses and patients
答案B
解析 根据题干中的research at the university of Sydney可定位到第二段。该段主要是介绍该研究，其中第一句谈到了该研究的研究对象、人数以及持续时间等基本信息，第二句则具体说明其研究的内容。由第一句的in almost 1. 5 years可知，该研究持续了一年半，故B项正确。文中提到的四千多人是指病人的数量，而非实际研究对象的数量，该研究的对象是98名护士，故A项错误。该段第二句表示研究者观察的是护士配药过程所受到的任何干扰并且追踪两种错误，其中包括程序错误(procedural)和临床错误(clinical)，C项只提及了其中的一个方面，故可排除C项。D项所说的研究对象多了patients“病人”，研究者是对98名护士进行了观察研究，不包括病人。
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