首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Imagine you found out that ideas invented by a computer were rated higher by independent experts than ideas created by a group o
Imagine you found out that ideas invented by a computer were rated higher by independent experts than ideas created by a group o
admin
2010-02-20
38
问题
Imagine you found out that ideas invented by a computer were rated higher by independent experts than ideas created by a group of humans asked to perform the same task. Would you praise the designer of the "creative computer" for a great achievement or would you question why human talent -- usually so potent in coping with complex cognitive challenges -- created such poor ideas? Or maybe you would question your view of the notion of creativity. In fact, such a scenario was played out when we used a simple computerized routine to generate ideas and compared them as superior to human ideas when they performed the same task?
Creativity is considered the ultimate human activity, a highly complex process, difficult to formalize and to control. Although there is a general agreement regarding the distinctive nature of the creative product( idea, painting, poem, and so on). there is a controversy over the nature of the creative process. Some researchers hold that the creative thinking process is qualitatively different from "ordinary" day-to-day thinking, and involves a leap that cannot be formulated, analyzed, or reconstructed --the creative spark. Others adopt a reductionism view that creative products and the outcome of ordinary thinking, only quantitatively different from everyday thinking.
Because creative ideas are different from those that normally arise, people often believe that such ideas require conditions dramatically different from the usual. The notion goes that, in order to overcome mental barriers and reach creative idem, total freedom is necessary -- no directional guidance, constraints, criticism, of thinking within bounded scope. Then ideas can be drawn and contemplated from an infinite space during the creativity process. This view prompted the emergence of various idea-generating methods: brainstorming, synectics, lateral thinking, random stimulation, and so on, all of which consist of withholding judgement and relying on analogies from other members in the group of on randomly selected analogies. This family of methods relies on the assumption that enhancing randomness, breaking roles and paradigms, and generating anarchy of thought increase the probability of creative idea emergence.
Do these methods work? A number of researchers indicate that they do not. Ideas suggested by individuals working a- lone are superior to ideas suggested in brainstorming sessions and the performance of problem solvers instructed to "break the rules, get out of the square, and change paradigms" was not better than that of individuals who were not given any instruction at all.
The failure of these methods to improve creative outcomes has been explained by the unstructured nature of the task. Reitman observed that many problems that lack a structuring framework are ill-defined in that the representations of one or more of the basic components -- the initial state, the operators and constraints, and the goal -- are seriously incomplete, and the search space is exceedingly large. Indeed, many ill-defined problems seem difficult, not because we are swamped by the enormous number of alternative possibilities, but because we have trouble thinking even of one idea worth pursuing.
This passage is mainly about _______.
选项
A、creative sparks
B、creative computers
C、an ultimate human activity
D、idea-generating methods
答案
A
解析
该题问:本文主要讨论了什么?本文共五段。第一段通过比较计算机产生的思想和人的思想提出主题human creativity。后四段详细分析了the nature of the creative process和某些idea-generating methods无助于创造性思维的原因。由此可知,本文核心讨论的是人的创造性思维,所以,选项A应为正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/VOvO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
A、ItisateachingbuildingforAllison’sEnglishclass.B、ItisateachingbuildingforAllison’sbiologyclass.C、Itisateac
Eightthousandyearsago,forestscoveredmorethan23millionsquaremiles,orabout40percentofEarth’slandsurface.Today,
A、HowAIDSspreadstoAfrica.B、HowinnocentpeoplecontractAIDS.C、WhatcanbedonetosaveinnocentvictimsofAIDS.D、HowHI
A、ManypeopleinAfricaarestillunawareofthedangerofAIDS.B、TheyoungergenerationinAfricaisthreatenedbyAIDS.C、It’
Themainlightsourceofthefuturewillalmostsurelynotbeabulb.Itmightbeatable,awall,orevenafork.
Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifference
A、Sheturnedoffthelights.B、Shefoundherlockhere.C、Theclasswascancelled.D、Theclasshasfinished.D
AnyrequestintheUnitedKingdomtoremoveadisabledperson’sabilitytoreproduceshouldbetreatedwithgreatcaution.Then
Ateamofworld-leadingneuro-scientistshasdevelopedapowerfultechniquethatallowsthemtolookdeepinsideaperson’sbrai
A、Culturaldifferencescanmakeinternationalnegotiationsdifficult.B、Mostnegotiationsinthiscityofteninvolvesinternatio
随机试题
简述英王亨利二世的司法改革。(南京师范大学2016年世界通史真题)
什么叫重水?
无罪证据
最易引起阑尾穿孔的是
为加强医疗机构抗菌药物临床应用管理,规范抗菌药物临床应用行为,提高抗菌药物临床应用水平,促进临床合理应用抗菌药物,控制细菌耐药,保障医疗质量和医疗安全,卫计委根据相关卫生法律法规,制定《抗菌药物临床应用管理办法》,自2012年8月1日起施行。由于临床需要,
在国家发展和改革委员会关于实行核准制的《项目申请报告通用文本》中明确规定,《项目申请报告》应有“资源开发及综合利用分析”、“节能方案分析”、“建设用地、征地拆迁及移民安置分析”,其主要内容包括()。
在一次选举计票过程中,工作人员发现有人投了所有候选人的赞成票。如果计票过程是真实的,那么下列哪项也必定是真实的?()
人们根据已知的信息,利用熟悉的规则解决问题,从给予的信息中产生逻辑的结论是()。
中学生的记忆力特征表现为()。(2016.广东)
《刑法》第269条对转化型抢劫作出了规定,下列选项适用该规定的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)