2. 外语
  3. 高考，即全国高等教育入学考试(National Higher Education Entrance Examination)，是中国大陆最有影响力的考试之一。合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学力(educational level)的学生每年可以参加一次考试。学

高考，即全国高等教育入学考试(National Higher Education Entrance Examination)，是中国大陆最有影响力的考试之一。合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学力(educational level)的学生每年可以参加一次考试。学

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问题     高考，即全国高等教育入学考试(National Higher Education Entrance Examination)，是中国大陆最有影响力的考试之一。合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学力(educational level)的学生每年可以参加一次考试。学生必考的(mandatory)科目为语文、数学和外语一通常是英语，不同的省份的考试试卷各不相同。高考非常具有权威性，几乎所有大学都根据高考分数录取学生，因此，很多中国人把高考看作是决定人生的关键事务。近年来，人们越发关注高考体制，提出各种改革高考的建议。专家称改革高考录取制度是改革的根本。
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答案 College entrance examination, also known as National Higher Education Entrance Examination, is one of the most influential examinations in mainland China. Qualified senior high school graduates and students with the same educational level can take the exam once a year. The three mandatory subjects are Chinese, Mathematics and foreign language—usually English and the test papers vary from province to province. College entrance examination is so authoritative that almost all the admissions made by the universities are based on students’ scores in the exam. Therefore, many Chinese regard it as a critical event in their life. In recent years, people pay more attention to the college entrance examination system and various proposals about its reform have been put forward. Experts claim that the fundamental reform of the examination lies in the university admission system.
解析 1．“不同的省份的考试试卷各不相同”这个分句可以直接翻译成different provinces have different test papers，也可以按参考译文译为the test papers vary from province to province。
2．“高考非常具有权威性，几乎所有大学都根据高考分数录取学生”包含了一定的因果关系，因此在翻译时增加了so…that…的结构，让两句自然地衔接起来。
3．“高考非常具有权威性……很多中国人把高考看作是决定人生的关键事务”这句很长，前两个分句冈为使用了so…that…的结构来表达因果关系，第三个分句“因此……”就很难翻译到同一句话里了。所以，可以用拆译的方法，单独翻译第三个分句，用Therefore衔接。
4．在翻译“近年来，人们越发关注高考体制，提出各种改革高考的建议”这句话时，可以使用被动语态，译成In recent years，the college entrance examination system has been paid more attention and various proposals about its reform have been put forward；也可以将前半句译为主动语态，后半句用被动语态表达。
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