首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Research into self-awareness consistently shows that most people think and speak highly of themselves. Time and again, subjects
Research into self-awareness consistently shows that most people think and speak highly of themselves. Time and again, subjects
admin
2011-01-10
23
问题
Research into self-awareness consistently shows that most people think and speak highly of themselves. Time and again, subjects see positive traits as more self-descriptive than negative ones, they rate themselves more highly than they rate others, they rate themselves more highly than they are rated by others, they overestimate their contribution to team efforts, and they exaggerate their control over life events. It’s not that we consciously flatter ourselves, either. The response is more like a mindless reflex. In fact, when subjects are busy or distracted as they make self-ratings, the judgments they come up with are quicker and even more favorable.
Most people also exhibit "unrealistic optimism", a tendency to predict a uniquely bright and rosy future for themselves. College students asked to predict their own future compared to that of their classmates believed, on average, that they were more likely to graduate higher in their class, get a better job, earn a higher salary, have a happier marriage, and bear a gifted child. They also believed that they were less likely to get fired, become depressed, become involved in a car accident, or suffer from a heart attack. Many other examples illustrate this point—as when voters predict that their favored candidate will prevail and sports fans bet on their favorite teams to win.
Psychologists used to agree that an accurate perception of reality is vital to mental health. More and more, however, this view is being challenged by research on positive illusions. Are these illusions a sign of well-being or symptoms of disorder?
In 1988 two psychologists reviewed the relevant research and noticed that people who are mildly depressed or low in self-esteem have less inflated and sometimes more realistic views of themselves than do others who are better adjusted. Their self-appraisals are more likely to match appraisals of them made by neutral others, they are less likely to exaggerate their control over uncontrollable events, and they make more balanced predictions about the future. Based on these results, psychologists arrived at the provocative conclusion that when it comes to the self, positive illusions—not accurate perceptions of reality—promote health and well-being. In their words, "these illusions help make each individual’s world a warmer and more active and beneficent place in which to live." In fact, research involving people under stress—such as people with serious illnesses—shows that perceived control, optimism, and other positive beliefs are "health protective" psychological resources that help people cope with adversity.
Others are not so sure that eternal optimists are better off than hard realists. They argue that positive illusions can give rise to chronic patterns of self-destruction—as when people escape from self-awareness through the use of drugs and deny health-related problems until it s too late for treatment. In studies of interpersonal relations, people with inflated rather than realistic views of themselves were rated less favorably on certain dimensions by their own friends. In these studies, self-enhancing men were seen as assertive and ambitious, which are OK, but also as boastful, condescending, hostile, and inconsiderate. Self-enhancing women were seen as more hostile, more defensive and sensitive to criticism, more likely to overreact to minor setbacks, and less well liked by others. Consistent with these findings, other research shows that people filled with high self-esteem are more likely to lash out angrily in response to criticism, rejection, and other bruises to the ego. The result. People with inflated self-images may make a good first impression on others but they are liked less and less as time wears on.
In paragraph 4, the word adversity is closest in meaning to______.
选项
A、confidence
B、misfortune
C、opportunity
D、confusion
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/VmcO777K
本试题收录于:
NAETI中级口译笔试题库外语翻译证书(NAETI)分类
0
NAETI中级口译笔试
外语翻译证书(NAETI)
相关试题推荐
AlthoughtheUnitedStatescherishesthetraditionthatitisanationofsmalltownsandwideopenspaces,onlyoneineightAm
Althoughmanymodificationshavebeenmadeinit,thegameknownintheUnitedStatesasfootballcanbetraceddirectlytothe
Goingaroundatthetopofthemountain,wewatchedthefog______fromthevalleybelow;itseemedthatwehadenteredafairylan
Therecentconferenceontheeffectiveuseoftheseasandoceanswasanotherattemptresolvingmajordifferencesamongcountrie
Inmanycountriestobaccoandmedicinearegovernment______.
ItseemsincredibletomethatLatinisnottaughtinschoolsasamatterofcourse,especiallyinacountrythatisforeverlam
Hereasehasattractedanenormous______ofpublicsympathy.
Theyaremeticulousinwork,wellawareacarelessmistakewillcostthecompanymillionsofpounds.
AttheendofarecentfeastatRestaurantRevolutioninNewOrleans,Iorderedacupofhotteaandwaspresentedwithanelega
中国已经明确了本世纪头20年的奋斗目标,这就是紧紧抓住重要战略机遇期,全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会,到2020年实现国内生产总值比2000年翻两番,达到4万亿美元左右,人均国内生产总值达到3000美元左右,使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更
随机试题
下列对于危险的说法,有误的一项是()。
属于肾上腺素受体激动剂的是()。
患儿5个月,因发热、咳嗽2天,喘憋1天入院。体检:T39.5℃,P150次/分,R50次/分,烦躁不安,面色灰白,两肺有细湿哕音。诊断:支气管肺炎。患儿入院时,护士对家长进行健康指导最重要的是
运往境外修理的机械器具、运输工具或其他货物,出境时已向海关报明,并在海关规定期限内复运进境的,海关估定完税价格的构成包括( )。
()对基层人民法院已经生效的行政判决、裁定,发现适用法律、法规确有错误的,可以向同级人民法院提出检察建议,并报上级人民检察院备案。
根据下面材料回答下列问题。下面的三角形表示某省五种产业的数量按地域划分(城区、郊区、乡村)所占百分比。图上的字符表示各种工业,三角形的顶点表示100%,与该顶点相对的基线表示0%。例如,该省所有的加工企业中,约有70%地处城市,5%位于乡村,25%在郊区
A.byB.sayC.toPhrases:A.but【T1】___________doingsmallthingsinagreatwayB.Itisdue【T2】___________
在结构化分析使用的数据流图(DFD)中,利用()对其中的图形元素进行确切解释。
Ifthere’sasensitiveinvestigationintotheflawsofcrimefighters,themanthefedsoftencallintodothejobisWilliamH
Somesayitisevidentthatcomputerscandamageaperson’seyesight.Sincethepopularityofcomputersbegantoskyrocket,ther
最新回复
(
0
)