首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Research into self-awareness consistently shows that most people think and speak highly of themselves. Time and again, subjects
Research into self-awareness consistently shows that most people think and speak highly of themselves. Time and again, subjects
admin
2011-01-10
65
问题
Research into self-awareness consistently shows that most people think and speak highly of themselves. Time and again, subjects see positive traits as more self-descriptive than negative ones, they rate themselves more highly than they rate others, they rate themselves more highly than they are rated by others, they overestimate their contribution to team efforts, and they exaggerate their control over life events. It’s not that we consciously flatter ourselves, either. The response is more like a mindless reflex. In fact, when subjects are busy or distracted as they make self-ratings, the judgments they come up with are quicker and even more favorable.
Most people also exhibit "unrealistic optimism", a tendency to predict a uniquely bright and rosy future for themselves. College students asked to predict their own future compared to that of their classmates believed, on average, that they were more likely to graduate higher in their class, get a better job, earn a higher salary, have a happier marriage, and bear a gifted child. They also believed that they were less likely to get fired, become depressed, become involved in a car accident, or suffer from a heart attack. Many other examples illustrate this point—as when voters predict that their favored candidate will prevail and sports fans bet on their favorite teams to win.
Psychologists used to agree that an accurate perception of reality is vital to mental health. More and more, however, this view is being challenged by research on positive illusions. Are these illusions a sign of well-being or symptoms of disorder?
In 1988 two psychologists reviewed the relevant research and noticed that people who are mildly depressed or low in self-esteem have less inflated and sometimes more realistic views of themselves than do others who are better adjusted. Their self-appraisals are more likely to match appraisals of them made by neutral others, they are less likely to exaggerate their control over uncontrollable events, and they make more balanced predictions about the future. Based on these results, psychologists arrived at the provocative conclusion that when it comes to the self, positive illusions—not accurate perceptions of reality—promote health and well-being. In their words, "these illusions help make each individual’s world a warmer and more active and beneficent place in which to live." In fact, research involving people under stress—such as people with serious illnesses—shows that perceived control, optimism, and other positive beliefs are "health protective" psychological resources that help people cope with adversity.
Others are not so sure that eternal optimists are better off than hard realists. They argue that positive illusions can give rise to chronic patterns of self-destruction—as when people escape from self-awareness through the use of drugs and deny health-related problems until it s too late for treatment. In studies of interpersonal relations, people with inflated rather than realistic views of themselves were rated less favorably on certain dimensions by their own friends. In these studies, self-enhancing men were seen as assertive and ambitious, which are OK, but also as boastful, condescending, hostile, and inconsiderate. Self-enhancing women were seen as more hostile, more defensive and sensitive to criticism, more likely to overreact to minor setbacks, and less well liked by others. Consistent with these findings, other research shows that people filled with high self-esteem are more likely to lash out angrily in response to criticism, rejection, and other bruises to the ego. The result. People with inflated self-images may make a good first impression on others but they are liked less and less as time wears on.
In paragraph 4, the word adversity is closest in meaning to______.
选项
A、confidence
B、misfortune
C、opportunity
D、confusion
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/VmcO777K
本试题收录于:
NAETI中级口译笔试题库外语翻译证书(NAETI)分类
0
NAETI中级口译笔试
外语翻译证书(NAETI)
相关试题推荐
Hotelsandrestaurantsarean______partofthecity,withoutwhichthetouristindustrycouldnotexist.
Someconsumerresearchersdistinguish【C1】______"rational"motivesand"emotional"(or"non-rational"motives.Theyusetheterm
AnIndiananthropologist,ChandraThapar,madeastudyofforeigncultures,whichhadcustomssimilarto【C1】______ofhisnative
ItseemsincredibletomethatLatinisnottaughtinschoolsasamatterofcourse,especiallyinacountrythatisforeverlam
IregrettohavenotpaidmoreattentiontoourEnglishlessonsatschool.
ThelatePaulSamuelsononcequippedthat"womenarejustmenwithlessmoney."Asafatherofsix,hemighthaveaddedsomethi
ThatcornisusuallybelievedtobetheAmericanfavoritevegetable,broccoliisactuallythefavoritevegetable,accordingtot
Mary’shusbandcomplainedthatMary________athimallthetime.
A、Intheearly19thcentury.B、Inthelate19thcentury.C、Intheearly20thcentury.D、Inthemid-20thcentury.A根据题干关键词对原文上下文进
A、Inthe19thcentury.B、In1973.C、In1998.D、Inthe21stcentury.B
随机试题
下述解救苯二氮革类镇静催眠药中毒方法中,不正确的是
下列不属于牙结构异常的是
工程咨询机构规避风险和转移风险的重要手段是()。
在工业生产中,设置防爆墙、防火门等设施来预防事故的发生,其应用的安全理论是()。
某房地产开发商拟在滨河地段规划建设一居住小区,用地面积约18hm2,提出了一个用地布局初步设想,如图5所示。【问题】试指出该用地设想中主要用地功能及布局存在的问题,并提出修改完善意见(不必作图)。
客户账户信息不包括()。
某工艺品厂为增值税一般纳税人,2014年12月2日销售给甲企业200套工艺品,每套不含税价格600元。由于部分工艺品存在瑕疵,该工艺品厂给予甲企业15%的销售折让,已开具红字专用发票。为了鼓励甲企业及时付款,该工艺品厂提出2/20,n/30的付款条件,甲企
,()
设函数=__________.
CyclingawakensmyinnerTrotwood.DavidCopperfield’sgreat-auntBetseywasobsessedwithdonkeystrespassingonthegreenouts
最新回复
(
0
)