首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Although recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such
Although recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such
admin
2020-12-14
83
问题
Although recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone(generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust)that exceed legally established limits. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions—short of a massive shift away from the private automobile—is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels such as compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol.
All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline. These molecules burn more cleanly than gasoline, in part because they have fewer, if any, carbon-carbon bonds and the hydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of larger molecules, which have multiple carbon-carbon bonds involves a more complex series of reactions. These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely to release uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. Compressed natural gas would require that vehicles have set of heavy fuel tanks—a serious liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiency—and liquefied petroleum gas faces fundamental limits on supply.
Ethanol and methanol, on the other hand, have important advantages over other carbon-based alternative fuels: they have higher energy content per volume and would require minimal changes in the existing network for distributing motor fuel. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about twice as expensive as methanol, the low cost of which is one of its attractive features. Methanol’ s most attractive feature, however, is that it can reduce by about 90 percent the vehicle emissions that form ozone, the most serious urban air pollutant.
Like any alternative fuel, methanol has its critics. Yet much of the criticism is based on the use of "gasoline clone" vehicles that do not incorporate even the simplest design improvements that are made possibly with the use of methanol. It is true, for example, that a given volume of methanol provides only about one-half of the energy that gasoline and diesel fuel do; other things being equal, the fuel tank would have to be somewhat larger and heavier. However, since methanol-fuelled vehicles could be designed to be much more efficient than "gasoline clone" vehicles fuelled with methanol, they would need comparatively less fuel. Vehicles incorporating only the simplest of the engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution.
According to the text, incomplete combustion is more likely to occur with gasoline than with an alternative fuel because______.
选项
A、the combustion of gasoline releases photochemically active hydrocarbons
B、the combustion of gasoline embraces an intricate set of reactions
C、gasoline molecules have a simple molecular structure
D、gasoline is composed of small molecules
答案
B
解析
细节题。根据incomplete combustion将答案定位到第二段The combustionof larger molecules,which have multiple carbon-carbon bonds involves a more complexseries of reactions.These reactions increase the probability of incomplete combustionand are more likely to release uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarboncompounds into the atmosphere.“那些具有多重碳一碳化学键的大分子在燃烧时包含了一系列复杂的反应。这些反应增大了不完全燃烧的可能,并且更容易释放未燃烧的碳氢化合物,而这些化合物又对光化学反应很活跃。”可知不完全燃烧的出现是因为汽油的燃烧包含了一系列复杂的反应,和选项B的表述一致。所以答案选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/W8P7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
ReformandMedicalCosts[A]Americansaredeeplyconcernedabouttherelentlessriseinhealthcarecostsandhealthinsurancep
ReformandMedicalCosts[A]Americansaredeeplyconcernedabouttherelentlessriseinhealthcarecostsandhealthinsurancep
Who’sReallyAddictingYoutoTechnology?[A]"NearlyeveryoneIknowisaddictedinsomemeasuretotheInternet,"wroteTonyS
TheAmericanWorkplaceIsBroken.Here’sHowWeCanStartFixingIt.[A]Americansareworkinglongerandharderhoursthanever
Manycurrentdiscussionsofimmigrationissuestalkaboutimmigrantsingeneral,asiftheywereabstractpeopleinanabstract
A、Addingnewrestaurants.B、Deliveringfoodbybicycle.C、Decoratingexteriorofrestaurants.D、Offeringnewtypeofice-cream.
A、Checkyournumberandcallagain.B、Telltheoperatorwhathashappened.C、Asktheoperatortoputyouthrough.D、Asktheoper
A、It’salowimpactactivityandnoonewantstodoitB、Ithelpsuspractisethesamelargemusclegrouprhythmically.C、It’sa
A、Byfindingsufficientsupportforimplementation.B、Bytakingintoaccounttheirownabilitytochange.C、Byconstantlykeepin
A、Theaccountnumberis51406881.B、Theaccountnumberis21406881.C、Thewomanfakedlotsofinvoices.D、Thereisnoinformatio
随机试题
Successfor99CentsHowdoyousellthingsinatimewhentheeconomyisdownandpeoplejustdon’twantto【B1】________?
患者女,60岁,近日来高热寒战,咳嗽,咳痰带血丝,胸痛。查体:体温37℃,面色灰白,皮肤湿冷,口唇发绀,左上肺叩诊浊音,呼吸音弱,少许湿啰音,心率128次/分,BP70/50mmHg。应立即采取的措施是()。
肝硬化免疫功能异常肝硬化肝细胞合成能力下降
维生素C注射液(抗坏血酸)处方A、维生素C104gB、碳酸氢钠49gC、亚硫酸氢钠2gD、依地酸二钠0.05gE、注射用水加到1000mlpH调节剂()
以下关于金融市场的特点说法正确的有()。
用于向国内外宣布重要事项或法定事项时所使用的文种是()。
周立、李浩、郑洁和王帅四个人,有且仅有一人登上过珠峰。记者采访他们:周立说:郑洁登上了珠峰。李浩说:我参加了那次登珠峰的活动,可惜没能登顶。郑洁说:我并没有参加那次登珠峰的活动。事实上,四人中只有一个人说了假话,则以下哪项一定为真?
设A=.(1)证明:当n≥3时,有An=An一2+A2一E;(2)求A100.
Astherecentcourgette(密生西葫芦)crisisandshortagesoflettuce,eggplantsandbroccoli(绿花椰菜)haveshown,Spain’sfameastheveget
A、Shereceivedfull-timeeducationabroad.B、Shegraduatedfromanopenuniversity.C、Shefinishedhersecondaryschool.D、Shes
最新回复
(
0
)