首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
How to Develop an Outline Ⅰ. A preliminary outline A. Definition: a/an【1】______list of topics and subtopics covered in t
How to Develop an Outline Ⅰ. A preliminary outline A. Definition: a/an【1】______list of topics and subtopics covered in t
admin
2012-04-23
30
问题
How to Develop an Outline
Ⅰ. A preliminary outline
A. Definition: a/an【1】______list of topics and subtopics
covered in the research paper.
B. Two steps to develop a preliminary outline:
1. write down ideas or【2】______in a rough list;
2. arrange items into major and minor ideas.
Ⅱ. Revision of the preliminary outlineA. Revise the outline when discovering new material and having
new ideas for the paper.
—Reason: writing a research paper is【3】______; one
looks back over paragraphs to adjust thinking.
—Result: the outline expands or shrinks throughout the
gathering of data and the writing of drafts.B. Answer the questions to help evaluate the outline:
1. What is the【4】______of my research?
2. What is my thesis?
3. How specialized is my audience?
C. Use【5】______programs with outlining features as
automatic formatting.
D. Keep copies of old outlines to avoid【6】______.
Ⅲ. A final outlineA.【7】______to enhance organization and coherenceB. Content: eliminate irrelevant materials;【8】______portions of the outline
C. Organization: in line with purposes
—organization types: chronology, cause and effect, process,
definition,【9】______, argumentation
—bring related materials together logically
—add an effective introduction and a satisfactory conclusionD. Forms of a final outline
—a topic outline: using noun, gerund and【10】______phrases
—a sentence outline: using full sentences
—a paragraph outline: using paragraphs
How to Develop an Outline
Good morning, everyone. Today, we will continue our discussion on how to write a research paper. The focus of our lecture this time centers on how to develop an outline of a research paper. Using an outline can help you organize your material and can also help you discover connections between pieces of information that you weren’t aware of when you first conceived the plan of your paper. It can also make you aware of material that is not really relevant to the purposes of your paper or material that you have covered before and should therefore he removed.
First, before we start writing a research paper, we must make sure what kind of materials should be included, and hence developing a preliminary outline is a must. A preliminary outline might be only an informal list of topics and subtopics which you are thinking of covering in your paper.(1)Sometimes, however, an instructor might require that a preliminary outline be submitted at the beginning of your work; then your instructor might suggest ways in which the work needs to be further developed or cut back. Your instructor might also see that you’re trying to accomplish too much or too little for the scope of the assignment he or she has in mind. Then, how to pin down a preliminary outline?
To develop a preliminary outline, we need to follow two fairly simple steps: first, write down ideas or code words in a rough list and second, give order to the list by arranging items into major and minor ideas.(2)How you finally organize your thesis is a matte of your work habits and the nature of the subject.
After finishing the preliminary outline, you need to revise it during the process of research. You need to bear in mind that the preliminary outline can be revised as you discover new material and get new ideas that ought to go into your paper. Writing a research paper is recursive, which means that you will look back over your paragraphs, adjust your thinking, and move forward again. (3)
The outline expands or shrinks throughout the gathering of data and the writing of drafts. With that in mind, ask yourself the following questions to evaluate your overall plan: first, what is the role of my research? Am I reviewing, discovering, interpreting or theorizing?(4)Second question, what is my thesis? Will my notes and records defend and illustrate my proposition? Is it convincing evidence? Third questions, how specialized is my audience? Do I need to write in a non-technical language or may I assure that the audience is knowledgeable in this field and expects in-depth discussion of substantive issues? Your answers will determine, in part, the type of materials needed. Plus, most word processing programs have outlining features with automatic formatting that make it easy to create and revise outlines.(5)It is a good idea to keep copies of old outlines in a computer folder in case new versions of the outline lead you in false directions that you will later have to abandon. Keeping track of your outlines can avoid going astray. (6)
A final outline should enhance the organization and coherence of your research paper. Instructors sometimes require that a final outline be submitted along with the final version of your paper.(7)Material that is not relevant to the purpose of your paper as revealed in your outline should be eliminated from the paper; if portions of your outline seem weak in comparison to others, more research may be required to create a sense of balance in your argument and presentation.(8)Outlines can be organized according to your purposes. Are you attempting to show the chronology of some historical development, the cause-and-effect relationship between one phenomenon and another, the process by which something is accomplished, or the logic of some position? Are you defining or analyzing something, comparing or contrasting one thing to another or presenting an argument with one side or both?(9)In any case, try to bring related material together under general headings and arrange sections so they relate logically to each other. An effective introduction will map out the journey your reader is about to take, and a satisfactory conclusion will wrap up the sequence of ideas in a nice package.
Finally, you need to choose an appropriate final outline form. Outlines appear in topic, sentence or paragraph form. Avoid mixing the forms within a given outline. With the topic outline, every heading is a noun phrase or its equivalent, a gerund phrase, or an infinitive phrase.(10)This form is the most popular and establishes precisely the main areas of investigation. Its weakness is brevity because the incomplete headings can hide any organizational problems. A sentence outline includes full sentences that you would transcribe into the draft. Some outline entries can serve as topic sentences for paragraphs, thereby speeding the writing process. In addition, the subject/verb pattern establishes the logical direction of your thinking. A paragraph outline is written with every section as a paragraph or as full paragraphs under noun headings. The dangers of the paragraph outline are twofold: you may try to write the paper when developing only an outline or you may carry weak underdeveloped outline paragraphs directly into the rough draft.
Now, to sum up in today’s lecture, we have reviewed the process of writing an outline of a research paper. First, we need to prepare a preliminary outline that includes topics and subtopics to be covered in the paper; second, the preliminary outline should be revised during the process of writing so that our thinking could be adjusted now and then; the revision of the outline arrives in the finalized version that enhances the organization and coherence of the research paper. OK, this brings us to the end of today’s lecture. Thank you for your attention.
选项
答案
balance
解析
推断题。讲座中提到与主题无关的内容应该剔除,同时需要平衡论文提纲各个部分的内容,不能过于厚此薄彼:Material that is not relevant to the purpose of your paper as revealed in your outline should be eliminated from the paper; if portions of your outline seem weak in comparison to others, more research may be required to create a sense of balance in your argument and presentation. 因此答案为关键词balance。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/WFiO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Canada’sEducationSystemTheCanadiangovernmentprovides【1】publiceducationforallstudentsfromKindergartentoGrade12.
Americanschoolsaredividedinto______.
Therearetwowaysinwhichwecanthinkofliterarytranslation:asreproductionandasrecreation.Ifwethinkoftranslation
TheImportanceofQuestionsFornon-nativespeakersofEnglishwhowanttoparticipateingroupdiscussions,itis’important
Becausemarketsareoftenunpredictable,successfulmarketingisratherlikehittingamovingtarget.Consumertastesvarydepen
当大痛苦来临时,就没有时间流泪了。当天地真正寒冷时,人们就彼此靠近了。对于死亡,对于悲剧,既然无法挽回、无法逃避,就只有面对,往好处想:“我在故我思”。每次看到地震后光秃秃的山头,我就想,那上面会由人们种出更蓊郁的森林。每次看到废墟的画面,
在逝去如飞的日子里,在千门万户的世界里的我能做些什么呢?只有徘徊罢了,只有匆匆罢了;在八千多日的匆匆里,除徘徊外,又剩些什么呢?过去的日子如轻烟却被微风吹散了,如薄雾。被初阳蒸融了;我留着些什么痕迹呢?我何曾留着像游丝样的痕迹呢?我赤裸裸来到这世界,转眼间
Inthewarsoverinformationtechnologyintheuniversity,Iamaneutral.Iamneitheranenthusiastnoracriticbutarealist
ThedayofprotestingatEnglishWikipediabroughtmeasurableresults,1.______thesite’sadministratorsreported:fourmillion
随机试题
扩张型心肌病最常累及
()是测量、解释、引导及改变人的行为的一门学科。
动物诊疗机构连续停业()年以上的,或者连续()年未向发证机关报告动物诊疗活动情况,拒不改正的,由原发证机关收回、注销其动物诊疗许可证。
一患者右下第1磨牙大面积银汞合金充填,远中食物嵌塞,要求修复。
一贯煎的功用是左归丸的功用是
急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎最常见的原因是
支配小汗腺的自主神经和其节后纤维末梢释放的递质分别是
根据《合伙企业法》的有关规定,合伙企业吸收新的合伙人,须以何种表决结果才为有效?
2016年1月,全国一百个城市房价均价排名前四位分别是深圳、北京、上海、厦门。其中深圳市房价是43508元/平方米,同比增长61.73%;北京是39423元/平方米,同比增长10.84%;上海是36661元/平方米,同比增长13.91%;厦门是25127元
A.brandB.aswellasC.wantedPhrases:A.【T7】___________playingmusicandvideosB.Asthe【T8】___________gr
最新回复
(
0
)