首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
How much sleep do we need? It is probably true to say that up to thirty years ago not only could we not answer this question, bu
How much sleep do we need? It is probably true to say that up to thirty years ago not only could we not answer this question, bu
admin
2011-01-02
33
问题
How much sleep do we need? It is probably true to say that up to thirty years ago not only could we not answer this question, but we could see no research tools which might eventually enable us to do so. Since then, there have been important developments which have changed the picture; in particular new forms and techniques of neurophysiological measurement have emerged, and secondly, experimental psychology has developed better methods of evaluating human performance and behaviour. Studies, for example, of body and eye movements, of sensory thresholds, and above all, of the electrical potentials of the brain during sleep, encourage us to think that we may be able to assess with useful accuracy the depth of quality of sleep. In carefully controlled experiments also the amount of sleep has been carried to find the effects of lack of sleep upon performance and upon physiological changes in the body, especially those which accompany the effort to maintain normal behaviour and working standards in spite of deprivation of sleep.
There are some who think we can leave the body to regulate these matters for itself. "The answer is easy," says the authority. "With the right amount of sleep you should wake up fresh and alert five minutes before the alarm rings." If he is right, many people must be under sleeping, including myself.
From animals we get the impression that it is satiety rather than fatigue that promotes sleep; many of them appear to Wake mainly to satisfy their bodily needs; during the rest of the time they return to the negative state of sleep. This may be true for adult humans also, hut with the important difference that their needs are often so complex and long-term in nature that they can never be completely satisfied.
Other people feel sure that the current trend is towards too little sleep. To quote one medical opinion, "Thousands of people drift through life suffering from the effects of too little sleep; the reason is not that they can’t sleep but that they just don’t." What could be disastrous is that we should sacrifice sleep only to gain more time to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue and neurosis.
Then to complete the picture, there are those who believe that most people are persuaded to sleep too much. Dr. H. Roberts, writing in Everyman in Health, asserts: "It may safely be affirmed that, just as the majority eat too much, so the majority sleep too much." One can see the point of this also, it would be a pity to retard our development by holding back those people who are gifted enough to work and play well with less than the average amount of sleep, if indeed it does them no harm.
Of course, we are not sure. Not only are we unable to give a formula for individual sleep requirement, we cannot even give confident averages for the different age groups. This is because we have no substantial scientific evidence to draw from, and opinions based on clinical evidence present a picture which is too contradictory to be a dependable guide. Indirect evidence on the amount of sleep we need comes from studies of what happens when we do without it. At first sight these suggest that we do not need as much as we take. It has been difficult to show any effect on performance of as little as one night’s loss of sleep, and even after three days awake we can expect normal efficiency in a man taking responsible decisions in a job which he finds really absorbing and exciting. Furthermore, when at last he is allowed to sleep he will probably wake after some twelve hours and show little, if any, ill-effect. These laboratory observations are borne out by examples in everyday life. It seems clear that the human body is equipped to over-ride the need for sleep in order to meet emergencies of quite long duration with faculties unimpaired. But this reversibility of the effect of loss of sleep in face of urgent and absorbing demands may be the greatest source of danger. People may think they are more efficient than they really are.
In what respect are humans and animals alike in sleep?
选项
A、For both of theme only fatigue can promote sleep.
B、For both of them, overeating may promote sleep.
C、For both of them, they wake only to satisfy their bodily needs.
D、For both of them, they need to be completely satisfied to promote sleep.
答案
B
解析
第三段谈到人和动物在睡眠上的相同之处:饱食比疲乏更能促进睡眠,而且苏醒过来主要是满足生理需要。二者的不同之处在于:人类的需求太多太复杂,不能完全满足。因此B是正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/WPeO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Whichtwocountriesarelinkedbytunnelunder,theEnglishChannel?
InApril1995,ayoungChinesechemistrystudentatBeijingUniversitylaydyinginaBeijinghospital.Shewasinacoma,anda
SomeofthemostbasicconceptsofpsychologyweredefinedbySigmundFreudandtwoofhisfollowers,AlfredAdlerandCarlGust
A、Differentculturalbackground.B、Lesslegislation,morelegislation.C、Differentprocesses.D、Socialistsociety,capitalistso
Betweenabout1920to1930,newartisticmove-【M1】________.mentsinEuropeanartweremakingthemselvesf
Federaleffortstoaidminoritybusinessesbeganinthe1960’swhentheSmallBusinessAdministration(SBA)beganmakingfederal
Yoknapatawphawasaplaceinventedby______inhisnovelsincludingTheSoundandtheFuryandAbsalom,Absalom!
A、discothequesB、cinemaplexesC、churchD、pubD
ThirtyyearsagoIturnedonourfamily’sblack-and-whiteconsoleTVtowatchanorchestraconductornearlyashyperactiveasI
什么叫做“古典的”?“古典”一宇在古代是指第一流的诗人,从字源上说是从“等级”这个词演化出来的。古人说“古典的”,等于今人说“头等的”;在近代则是指可以作为典范的作家或作品,因此古代希腊拉丁的文学被称为“古典的、”。我们所说的“古典的”实际上包括“古代的”
随机试题
曲线在t=1处的切线方程为_______。
缺乏叶酸的乳品是
男性,31岁,排便不适,下坠感1个月,偶有腹泻便血,无腹痛,有癌症家族史。若诊断为直肠癌,首选治疗为
瘀血内阻证()阴虚火旺证()
A、气微腥,味微咸B、气微腥,味淡C、气腥,味微咸D、气特异而臭,刺激性强E、气清香,味苦而后微甜,入口有清凉感僵蚕的气味是
根据我国《宪法》的规定,关于动员和紧急状态的决定权,下列哪些选项是正确的?(卷一/2008年第62题)
某人每年年末存入5000元,如果年利率为8%,假设按复利法计算,第五年末可得款为()元。
下列不属于基金市场营销特殊性的是()。
求解(1+)ydx+(y-x)dy=0.
在10Base-F以太网中,使用的传输介质是(46),传输的最大距离为(47)。
最新回复
(
0
)