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  3. Barack Obama, in his state-of-the-union speech on February 12th, called for a new era of scientific discovery. " Now it is the t

Barack Obama, in his state-of-the-union speech on February 12th, called for a new era of scientific discovery. " Now it is the t

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问题     Barack Obama, in his state-of-the-union speech on February 12th, called for a new era of scientific discovery. " Now it is the time to reach a level of research and development not seen since the height of the space race," he declared. He praised projects to map the human brain and accelerate regenerative medicine. This would mean spending more on research. As The Economist went to press, America’s government was about to do the opposite.
    Federal spending is due to be cut on March 1st, the result of a long brawl over the deficit. Complex politics triggered this"sequester"(Congress excels at nothing if not elaborate dysfunction)but the sequester itself is brutally simple. America will cut $ 85 billion from this year’s budget(about 2.5% of spending), split between military and non-military programmes. Among the areas to be squeezed is R&D, and medical research in particular.
    For years America has enjoyed pre-eminence in research, but this is fading. Chinese investment(including both public and private money)more than quintupled from 2000 to 2010, to $ 160 billion, in 2005 prices. America’s R&D spending rose by just 22% over that period, according to the OECD. Research also make up a smaller portion of America’s economy than some other countries’. In a ranking of R&D spending as a share of GDP, America came tenth in 2011. A decade earlier it was sixth.
    Nevertheless, America remains the world’s biggest engine for innovation. It spent $ 366 billion on research in 2011 , compared with $ 275 billion by all 27 countries of the European Union. Despite China’s rapid ascent, America still spends more than twice as much on R&D. Subsidies help. America’s government pays for about one-third of all domestic research and for most basic science.
    Medicine is one of the main beneficiaries. America’s National Institutes of Health(NIH)is the world’s biggest funder of biomedical research. It pays for risky basic science; companies pay for later stages of development. For example, the NIH supported early research into monoclonal antibodies. By 2010 such research underpinned five of America’s 20 bestselling drugs. As drug firms trim their budget, the NIH’s work is becoming even more vital. But since 2003 , inflation-adjusted spending on medical research has declined.
The underlined word " sequester"(Para 2, Line 2)refers to______.
选项 A、reduction of spending
B、brawl over the deficit
C、dysfunction of Congress
D、augment of federal spending
答案A
解析 首先确定答案来源，即第二段第一、二句：Federal spending is due to be cut on March1st，the result of a long brawl over the deficit．Complex politics triggered this“sequester”…因为文中出现this“sequester”，由this一词可以得知“sequester”在上文应该出现过，故确定解题信息来自上一句，即第二段第一句。提取该句主干信息，得出：Federal spending is due to be cut．故可以确定“sequester”指代“联邦支出将被削减”。四个选项中，与之相关的是选项[A]和[D]两项，其中选项[A]中的“reduction减少”对应“cut削减”；而选项[D]中的“augment增加”与之相反，故确定本题答案为选项[A]。
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