2. 外语
  3. When it’s five o’clock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time. They leave w

When it’s five o’clock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time. They leave w

admin2021-01-06  22
问题     When it’s five o’clock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time. They leave when the clock tells them they’re done.
    These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cell-phones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research shows that clock-based work schedules hinder morale(士气)and creativity.
    Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For example: a meeting from 9 a. m. to 10 a. m. , research from 10 a. m. to noon, etc. On the other hand, task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish. They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed. It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.
    What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities—from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga—by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under "clock time" vs "task time. " They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives. Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive. They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up.
    The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in business culture. Smart companies, they believe, will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies.
    This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity. It’ll make those tasks easier, and the task-doers will be happier.
How do people usually go about their work according to the author?
选项 A、They combine clock-based and task-based planning.
B、They give priority to the most urgent task on hand.
C、They set a time limit for each specific task.
D、They accomplish their tasks one by one.
答案A
解析 事实细节题。文章第三段第一句提到，时间计时者以分钟和小时为模块来规划一天的工作。第三句则指出，任务计时者则列出一个待做事情的清单。最后一句总结：据说，我们每个人都会将这丽种规划类型结合起来使用。分析原文可知，此句中的these types即指代上文提到的两种计时方式：clock—timers和task—timers。由此可知，人们在工作时往往会把两种规划类型相结合，故答案为A)。
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