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  3. As every politician knows, it is important to address problems, but even more important to demonstrate that you are addressing t

As every politician knows, it is important to address problems, but even more important to demonstrate that you are addressing t

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问题    As every politician knows, it is important to address problems, but even more important to demonstrate that you are addressing them. When it comes to research misconduct, UK universities are failing on both points.
   The United Kingdom has no regulatory body to deal with research misconduct. Instead, since three years ago universities have had to adhere to a set of guidelines in order to receive grants from major funders. Called The Concordat (协定) to Support Research Integrity, the guidelines detail good practice and aim to strengthen the mechanisms available for investigating misconduct They also call on universities to publish annual summaries of their formal misconduct investigations.
   【F1】British universities are image-conscious, especially since the 1998 introduction of tuition fees established a marketplace, and it is understandable that many are reluctant to publish the figures. 【F2】The few that do publish reports risk being singled out as having a problem, when in fact the reverse is true —such investigations show that the institution has processes to detect and deal with misconduct. But almost 2% of researchers admit to having fabricated, falsified or modified data at least once. Pretending that misconduct does not happen is no longer an option.
   Discussion at a research-integrity conference in London suggested that many institutions have just been slow to publish details of their misconduct investigations, rather than aiming to avoid it entirely. 【F3】It also emerged that staff who oversee research integrity in universities, and who are still working out how to ensure that their institutions adhere to the concordat feel under-resourced.
   For those universities that do have adequate systems to report and deal with misconduct, making investigation summaries public would be an easy win. 【F4】Those institutions that have yet to make such systems a priority should remember that the concordat was introduced because UK systems for dealing with issues of research integrity had been judged inadequate by a parliamentary enquiry. Unlike in the United States, where the Office of Research Integrity oversees formal misconduct investigations related to research funded by the US National Institutes of Health, or Ireland, which plans to subject labs to spot-checks from auditors, UK universities have been allowed to police themselves.
   Research misconduct is a fact, and institutions should not feel that they will be penalized for investigating cases promptly and fairly. The best way to change perceptions is to ensure full compliance. 【F5】If every university acknowledges the issue, then the risk of being an outlier disappears, and only those institutions that choose not to publish will be the subject of suspicion and public scrutiny.
【F5】
选项
答案如果每个大学都认识到这个问题，那么因公布不端行为调查产生的风险就会消失，并且只有那些选择不公布不端行为调查的大学才会成为被怀疑和被公众监视的对象。
解析 ①本句是并列复合句，包含由and连接的两个并列分句以及一个条件状语从句和一个定语从句。②If引导条件状语从句，作两个并列分句所述内容的前提条件，If…then…可理解为“如果……那么……”。③of being an outlier作the risk的后置定语，说明风险的内容；outlier可表示“局外人，离群者”，结合文中语境，being an outlier可理解为“公布不端行为调查”这种少数英国大学积极开展的行为。③and连接的分句中，that引导定语从句修饰先行词those institutions，补充说明those institutions指代的是不公布不端行为调查的英国大学：另外，of suspicion and public scrutiny作subject的后置定语，修饰subject。
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