2. 外语
  3. Office workers Bob Kearns and Helen Bell were both upset by the boss’s news. They had just been told the news that, despite earl

Office workers Bob Kearns and Helen Bell were both upset by the boss’s news. They had just been told the news that, despite earl

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问题      Office workers Bob Kearns and Helen Bell were both upset by the boss’s news. They had just been told the news that, despite earlier promises, they would not be promoted for another six months. The man Kearns shouted at the boss; the woman Bell cried.
     The office was abuzz with Kearns’s reaction. "Did you hear what he shouted at the boss?" He was a minor hero for a day. But, if anyone spoke of Bell’s behaviour, it was in hushed tones. She had committed the unforgivable sin of crying at work.
     If Dr. William Frey had been there, though, Bell would have been the one to be applauded. "A lot of people shout and yell at work. That’s not very constructive... It’s very good for people to cry. It’s very important to allow yourself to cry to alleviate stress," says Frey, a bio- chemist who works at the Dry Eye and Tear Research Center in the American state of Minnesota.
     There seem to be two main reasons that women cry more often, says Frey. One is biological. Up to age 12, boys and girls cry equally often. From then until age 18, the level of the hormone prolactin (which causes breast development and the ability to produce breast milk) rises in young women, until their blood contains 60 percent more than men’s. And prolactin affects the production of tears.  When women go through menopause and their prolactin level drops, a lot of women develop problems with dry eye or not enough tears.
     "On the sociological side, men in particular are conditioned out of crying." From the age of 12 or 13, boys are told that crying shows a loss of control, that it is a sign of weakness, says Frey.
     "Crying is not under voluntary control," says Dr.  William Frey. "That doesn’t mean women can’t condition themselves out of it over time--they can, and men do but, if you generally allow yourself to cry and something hits you, your ability to stop it is not going to be good."
     "In most discussion about crying at work," says Frey, "there is an assumption that it’s very bad.  ’If you can’t stand the heat, you don’t belong in the kitchen. ’That’s an attitude that indicates, people have not thought it through very carefully. In general when people cry at work, if it’s related to work, it’s very useful."
     "First, it indicates the individual has enough investment in whether or not they’re doing well at work. Unfortunately, in today’s society, so many people who work for large corporations couldn’t care less. When people cry at work it indicates that they do care about what’s happening."
     "And it can be very helpful to a supervisor. It indicates something’s wrong. Perhaps the individual has more than one boss and is getting confusing instructions, or being harassed by another employee. Crying doesn’t have to be viewed negatively."
     Humans are the only animals that can cry tears in response to stress, says Frey. "It’s one of the important ways we have developed to alleviate stress. About 85 percent of women and 73 percent of men feel less sad or less angry after crying. And we’re becoming more aware that certain disorders are aggravated by stress such as ulcers, colitis, and hypertension. It’s very unfortunate that as a society we may have been conditioning men, and even women, out of a natural response to stress."
According to Frey, women cry more often than men because ______.
选项 A、they have a greater possibility to develop problems with dry eyes
B、the level of hormone prolactin stops rising in young men at the age of 18
C、psychologically men have a stronger power of self-control
D、men are sociologically conditioned not to cry in public
答案D
解析 文章第五段谈女人比男人更容易哭的第二个主要原因即社会学的原因，是人们经常对十几岁的男孩子说哭是失去自控的一种表现，是软弱的表现，因此选D。
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