首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Writing a Research Paper I. Research Paper and Ordinary Essay A. Similarity in【T1】 ________:
Writing a Research Paper I. Research Paper and Ordinary Essay A. Similarity in【T1】 ________:
admin
2021-09-17
73
问题
Writing a Research Paper
I. Research Paper and Ordinary Essay
A. Similarity in【T1】 ________: 【T1】 ________
e.g.
— choosing a topic
— asking questions
— 【T2】 ________ the audience 【T2】 ________
B. Difference mainly in terms of 【T3】 ________ 【T3】 ________
1. research paper printed sources
2. ordinary essay: ideas in one’s 【T4】 ________ 【T4】 ________
II. Types and Characteristics of Research Papers
A. Number of basic types: two
B. Characteristics:
1. survey-type paper:
— to gather 【T5】 ________ 【T5】 ________
— to 【T6】 ________ 【T6】 ________
— to 【T7】 ________ 【T7】 ________
— to paraphrase
The writer should be 【T8】 ________ . 【T8】 ________
2. argumentative (research) paper:
a. The writer should do more, e.g.
— to 【T9】 ________ 【T9】 ________
— to question, etc.
b. 【T10】 ________ varies with the topic, e.g. 【T10】 ________
— to recommend an action, etc.
Ⅲ. How to Choose a Topic for a Research Paper
In choosing a topic, it is important to【T11】 ________ . 【T11】 ________
Question No. 1: your 【T12】 ________ with the topic 【T12】 ________
Question No. 2: 【T13】 ________ of relevant information on 【T13】 ________
the chosen topic
Question No. 3: narrowing the topic down to【T14】 ________ 【T14】 ________
Question No. 4: asking questions about 【T15】 ________ 【T15】 ________
The questions help us to work our way into the topic and discover its possibilities.
【T10】
Writing a Research Paper
I think as seniors, you are often required by your instructors to do some library research on this topic or that. And, in the end, you have to write a research paper, right? Then what is writing a research paper like? How are we going to write one? What are the steps in producing a research paper and what are the points we need to take care of? In today’s lecture, I’ll try to answer these questions.
First of all, what is writing a research paper like? We may start by comparing it to an ordinary essay, a form of writing you are very familiar with. Writing a research paper is much like writing an essay. Both kinds of writing involve many of the same basic steps. That is choosing a topic, asking questions to define and develop the topic, identifying the audience, getting raw material to work with, outlining the paper, writing it, and, finally, revising it. These are the steps shared between research paper writing and essay writing. Is there any difference, you may ask. Yes. What makes a research paper different is that much of your raw material comes not from your own head, but from printed sources: mainly books and periodicals in the library. Collecting raw material, that is reading books and taking notes, is very much like the process of brainstorming at the prewriting stage of an ordinary essay.
Generally speaking, there are two basic types of research papers, and a paper may belong to either type. It may be a survey of facts and opinions available on a given topic or an analytical argument that uses those facts and opinions to prove a point. Your instructor may tell you which kind of paper you are expected to write. If not, you yourself should eventually choose between surveying and arguing. You will then have a definite way of managing your sources.
Now, let’s take a look at how you are going to write a survey-type research paper or an argumentative research paper. In a survey-type research paper, you gather facts and a variety of opinions on a given topic. You make little attempt to interpret or evaluate what your sources say or to prove a particular point. Instead, through quotation, summary, and paraphrase, you try to provide a representative sampling of facts and opinions, to give an objective report on your topic. You explain the pros and cons of various attitudes or opinions, but you don’t side definitely with any one of them.
While in an argumentative research paper, you do considerably more. You do not simply quote, paraphrase, and summarize as you do in a survey-type paper. You interpret, question, compare, and judge the statements you cite. You explain why one opinion is sound and another is not; why one fact is relevant and another is not; why one writer is correct and another is mistaken. What’s more, your purpose may vary with your topic. You may try to explain a situation, to recommend a course of action, to reveal the solution to a problem, or to present and defend a particular interpretation of a historical event or a work of art. But whether the topic is space travel or trends in contemporary American literature, an argumentative research paper deals actively—I say it again, actively—with the statements it cites. It makes these statements work together in an argument that you create, that is, an argument leading to a conclusion of your own.
In the next part of the lecture, I’d like to talk about one of the basic steps in writing I mentioned earlier in the lecture, that is how to choose a topic. Choosing a topic for a research paper is in some ways like choosing a topic for an ordinary essay, but there are some differences. As you think about your topic, ask yourself these questions:
Question number one: Do you really want to know more about this topic? This is the initial question you have to ask yourself, because research on any subject will keep you busy for weeks. You certainly do not wish to waste your time on something you have little interest in. You will do it well only if you expect to learn something interesting or important in the process.
Question number two: Are you likely to find many sources of information on this topic? You cannot write a research paper without consulting a variety of sources. If only one source or none at all is readily available, you should rethink your topic or choose another.
Question number three: Can you cut the topic down to a manageable size? Be reasonable and realistic about what you can do in a short period, say, two to four weeks. If your topic is "The American Revolution", you’ll scarcely have time to make a list of books on your subject, let alone read and analyze them. So try to find something specific, such as "The Role of Thomas Jefferson in the American Revolution" or "The Franco-American Alliance".
Question number four: What questions can you ask about the topic itself? Questions help you get the topic down to a manageable size, discover its possibilities, and find the goal of your research, that is, the specific problem you want to investigate. Suppose you want to write about the issue of financing a college education—a topic not only current, but also directly linked to the lives of most college students and their families. You could ask at least two or three pointed questions: How much does educational opportunity depend on financial status? Is financial aid going to the students who need it most? How much should universities and colleges charge their students? You can ask yourself these questions or more as you start work on the research paper.
Okay. To sum up, in today’s lecture, we’ve looked at some of the issues in research paper writing, like the basic steps, types of research paper, and how to choose a topic. In our next lecture, we’ll concentrate on how to identify the audience, how to work out an outline, and how to edit the draft.
选项
答案
Purpose
解析
论证性文章的第2个特点是…your purpose may vary with your topic.即写作目的因写作内容不同而不同。题目中给出的to recommend an action,etc.“推荐一种行为,等等”是表示目的的,据此也可推断出此空可填purpose一词。此外,由与此空所在句并列的a.The writer…可知,purpose的首字母应大写。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ZjIK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Individualsareincreasinglybeingaskedtotakeonsoleresponsibility—andassumetheburdenofrisk—forcomplexsavingstasks
A、Becauseitsaidthatearlydetectionofbreastcancerwasnotaccurateenough.B、Becauseitwarnedthatmiddle-agewomenareo
A、Theissuesthataffectpublichealth.B、Theissuesthateveryoneencountersindailylife.C、Theissuesthatattractmostpubl
StephenKrashen’sTheoryofSecondLanguageAcquisitionStephenKrashenisanexpertinthefieldoflinguistics.Somepointsab
A、Scientificfactsandprinciplesaretoodulltoattractstudents.B、Thereislittleconnectionbetweenscienceanddailylife.
PASSAGEONEWhatdoes"it"inthesecondsentenceofPara.2referto?
(1)Inlastweek’sTribune,therewasaninterestingletterfromMr.J.StewartCook,inwhichhesuggestedthatthebestwayof
(1)Arecentarticleindicatedthatbusinessschoolsweregoingtoencouragethestudyofethicsaspartofthecurriculum.Ifg
A、Supportive.B、Negative.C、Ambiguous.D、Cautious.D男士提到一些人认为美式谈判已成为谈判惯用的模式时,Janet回答道Maybeithas,maybeithasn’t,随后她列举了两个原因以支持自
ThePressConferenceI.AdvantagesofthePressConference—theeventitselfhaving【T1】______【T1】______—thepreviously-mad
随机试题
Weather______,thesportsmeetwillbeheldasscheduled.
早期食管癌的病变范围是
患者,女,48岁。既往肝门静脉高压症病史,此次因发生急性大出血,应用三腔二囊管压迫止血。护士为该患者采取的护理措施不包括
患者,女性,31岁,车祸造成多发性损伤。急诊护士首先要处理的是
对下列情形,可以按照犯罪涉及的累计数额计算以确定是否构成犯罪的有:
甲因其丈夫在公安局看守所工作,所以与看守所的监管人员都很熟悉。一天,甲收受了在押重刑犯乙的亲属3万元钱,在没有和丈夫商量的情况下,利用自己出入看守所的方便,帮助乙从看守所逃走。下列关于甲的行为的定性,错误的是()。
[A]Breakingallconstraints[B]Timelinetoexecution[C]Thepurposeofthedecision[D]Knownunknownsandunknownunkno
在考生文件夹下打开文档Word.docx,按照要求完成下列操作并以该文件名(Word.docx)保存文档。吴明是某房地产公司的行政助理,主要负责开展公司的各项活动,并起草各种文件。为丰富公司的文化生活,公司将定于2013年10月21日下午15:00时在会
打开考生文件夹下的演示文稿yswg.pptx,按照下列要求完成对此文稿的修饰并保存。第二张幻灯片的版式改为“内容与标题”,剪贴画的动画设置为“进入”“随机线条”。插入一张幻灯片作为第一张幻灯片,版式为“标题”幻灯片,输入主标题文字“2006年元旦全球
Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshaveconcludedthatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomedis
最新回复
(
0
)