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Bilingual Education I. Bilingual Education 1) Bilingual education provides instruction in both the students’ native language and
Bilingual Education I. Bilingual Education 1) Bilingual education provides instruction in both the students’ native language and
admin
2014-07-25
6
问题
Bilingual Education
I. Bilingual Education
1) Bilingual education provides instruction in both the
students’ native language and the language of the
(1)_____country.
2)The development in the United States;
—1971 Massachusetts was die first state to imple ment bilingual education;
—1974;bilingual education became federal law;
—1984;the law was renewed; ESL. II. Various Bilingual Programs
1) (2)_____bilingual education
Students learn ESL while taking classes in native
language.
They take classes in English only after a 3-year
time limit.
Native language serves as a transition to English.
2) Maintenance bilingual education
Students take content-area classes in (3)_____.
Students who know their native tongue well will be more successful in ESL.
However,the problem is the (4)_____expense of
the program. 3) Two-way bilingual education
The program offers second language instruction to English native students while providing ESL to other students. Both students take classes in native languages. The purpose is to make all students (5)_____.
4) Immersion bilingual education
Students are immersed in English for 1 year or 2. However, many students are overwhelmed in the
(6)_____ in learning English and they lost time
that should learn more important concepts.
III. The Principles of Bilingual Education
The principle is to (7)_____the learning of English in the best method.
Students should not stop learning English unless it is enough for academic growth.
IV. The (8)_____over Bilingual Education
1)cons;
People fear of the attention given to languages other than English. They are in favor of the (9)_____
politics. 2)pros:
Students who learn their native language well are learning a second language more easily. Thus they learn important concepts more easily. Some critics don’t really want (10)_____to be successful.
Bilingual Education
Good morning. Today we will talk about bilingual education in the United States. (1) Bilingual education is an educational program that provides instruction in both the students’ native language and the language of the host country. In the United States, bilingual programs give instruction in English and some other language, such as Spanish or Vietnamese.
Bilingual education became federal law in 1974. According to the Bilingual Education Act of 1974, public schools must provide equal educational opportunities for students who speak languages other than English. This law was renewed in 1984. The laws recommended that federal money be given to states so that they could implement bilingual programs and teacher training, classes in students’ native language, and English as a Second Language (ESL in short).
Some states had begun their own bilingual programs before they were required to do so by federal law. Massachusetts became the first state to demand bilingual education in 1971. The bilingual programs in Massachusetts later became a model for other states. The ways in which bilingual programs are implemented by the different states differ greatly.
One of the most common models of bilingual education in the United States is called transitional bilingual education. In this kind of program, students learn ESL while taking all their other classes in their native language. Students must stop taking class in their native language after some period of time, usually three years. After the three-year time limit, students start taking all their classes in English only. The reasoning for this model is that native language classes should serve as a transition to English. The main goal of a transitional program is to teach students English as quickly as possible.
Another kind of program is called maintenance bilingual education. Maintenance programs do not have the same time limit as transitional programs do. (3) Students can continue taking content-area classes in their native language for as long as they need to or want to. The idea behind a maintenance program is that a child’s native language is worth maintaining and developing. In fact, research has shown that students who know their first language well will be more successful in learning how to read and write a second language. (4)0ne of the problems with maintenance programs is that they are more expensive than transitional programs.
Two-way bilingual education is a program which offers second language instruction to students whose native language is English, while at the same time providing ESL to students who speak a language other than English. For example, English-speaking students might take courses in Spanish while Spanish-speaking students take ESL classes. Both groups would continue to take their other content courses in their native language. In some classes, students may work together using both languages. (5)The purpose of two-way bilingual education programs is to make all students bilingual.
Finally, there is immersion bilingual education. In these programs, students take all-English courses for a year or two before they begin to take courses in their native language. In other words, they are immersed in English for the first year or two. Research has not shown that this kind of approach is more effective than the other models already described. Many students feel overwhelmed during the first two years. (6) While struggling to learn English, they lost valuable time that should be spent learning important concepts in math and science.
Bilingual education is based on principles that promote the acquisition of English in the best possible manner. It assures continual development of the students’ intelligence and academic growth and the acquisition of English. The students’ development does not need to stop until enough English is available for academic growth.
Bilingual education has always been and continues to be a controversial subject. It is controversial for a variety of reasons. Some people fear or worry that a language other than English is given some attention. (9)The history of "English-only" politics dates back to the early days of the country. Some people are angered by the freedom with which today’s newcomers speak their native tongue in public. Some critics argue that bilingual education places an unfair burden on schools, and that taxpayers’ money should not be spent teaching immigrants in their native language. They reason that all people in the United States should have to read, write, and speak English. In addition, they point out that bilingual programs haven’t always been successful in producing literate bilingual students.
Many people in favor of bilingual education agree that some bilingual programs are better than others, though not all of them are successful. However, research has proven that students who learn well in their first language will learn how to read and write a second language more easily. In addition, students who learn important concepts in math and science in their native language will be able to understand these concepts much more easily when they move into all-English courses. Some supporters of bilingual education argue that the real reason that critics are opposed to these programs is that these programs really work. (10)Bilingual proponents say that critics of bilingual education don’t really want immigrants to be successful at school.
The controversy over bilingual education continues. In 1998, a law was passed in California that made bilingual education against the law. According to this law,teachers are not allowed to teach students in any language other than English. Students who speak a language other than English are allowed to take one year of ESL. After that,they must take all their course in regular English.
It is not clear yet what the effects of the new law in California will be. Some states are waiting to see what will happen next in California; others are already putting forward similar laws. Whatever happens, bilingual education will certainly continue to be controversial. That’s all for today’s lecture. Thank you.
选项
答案
struggle
解析
本题为概括题。此处主要讲到了浸入式双语教育模式的特点,文中提到While struggling to learn English,they lost valuable time that should be spent learning important concepts in math and science.学生过多地投入到艰苦的英语学习中,他们失去了学习重要观念的宝贵时间,因此英语学习是艰难而复杂的,故填入名词形式struggle。
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