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  3. The first step to defeat an enemy is to pin down his exact identity and how he operates. Hypertension — chronic, abnormally rais

The first step to defeat an enemy is to pin down his exact identity and how he operates. Hypertension — chronic, abnormally rais

admin2013-07-02  83
问题     The first step to defeat an enemy is to pin down his exact identity and how he operates. Hypertension — chronic, abnormally raised blood pressure — causes heart attacks, strokes and a multitude of other nasty conditions. Around a third of Americans and Britons suffer from it. It is thus a worthy enemy and nailing its cause is a priority. Until now, this has mostly seemed to lie in the kidneys. But Hidefumi Waki and Julian Paton of Bristol University think they have gathered some valuable new intelligence by studying the brain.

    In a previous experiment Dr Waki and Dr Paton had found that rodents(啮齿动物)with high blood pressure expressed some genes differently in an area of the brain, called the solitary nucleus(孤束核, which sets the body’s normal blood-pressure level. One of these genes was called "junctional adhesionmolecule-1" or JAM-1 for short. It is a molecule normally found in the walls of blood vessels that attracts clotting and immune cells — in other words, it causes inflammation(炎症). So the pair decided to look at JAM-1 in further depth.
    They found that in rats with high blood pressure JAM-1 levels were raised not only in the brain but also the kidney, lungs and skeletal muscle. To find out whether this was the cause or effect of high blood pressure, they then transferred the JAM-1 gene into the solitary nucleus of normal rats. After two weeks, these rats suffered from higher blood pressure than rats that had not received the gene.
    Previously, experts thought that high blood pressure was caused by the kidneys. The idea was that the kidneys failed to sense the blood pressure. This then caused the lungs to make a hormone that increases blood pressure, leading to a chain of events that raised pressure throughout the blood-vessel network. All blood-pressure-lowering drugs work by seeking to put this right. Yet blaming the kidneys cannot be the full explanation of what is going on, because only half the sufferers respond to blood-pressure-lowering drugs.
    Although these findings are preliminary, they have far-reaching implications. Variations in the JAM-1 gene and its expression may explain why high blood pressure tends to run in families, although it is also caused by a poor diet. The finding also shows that the brain could increase the activity of the sympathetic nerves, the part of the nervous system involved in stress response. Ultimately, the finding could hasten the development of drugs that would attack hypertension at its source, stopping its deadly consequences in their tracks.
According to the passage, the first step to heal hypertension is to______.
选项
答案nail its cause
解析 文章开篇指出打败敌人要明确其身份，找到其作战方式。接着指出高血压是我们的一个劲敌，找到其根源是我们的一个首要任务，综合这两句话得到答案，根据句型结构将动名词nailing转化为动词原形。
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