According to Nigel, most problems of air travel are caused by ______.

Interviewer: Nigel Lynch is editor of Business Travel Weekly. Nigel, thanks for being on the show. Now what kind of problems do airline passengers face nowadays?
Nigel: Well, most of the problems are caused by the heavy volume traffic. You know, all airports have a limit to the number of takeoffs and landings they can handle.
Interviewer: So what seems to be the problem?
Nigel: All flights from a busy airport arrive and leave at more or less the same time. If60 aircraft are scheduled to take off between 5: 00 pm and 5: 15, and the airport can only handle 120 an hour that means some will always be late landing or taking off. And if the weather is bad, you can imagine what the situation is like. So passengers have to be loaded into each plane and then the planes have to line up to take off.
Interviewer: So, waiting in a line until you are on the plane is quite common.
Nigel: Certainly. And another problem that’s very common is overbooking. Quite often, you hear an announcement on the airport loudspeakers "We have oversold on this flight and we’d like volunteers to go on to next flight out." ff you decide to volunteer, you may get a cash bribe, or a free trip voucher, but make sure you get a guaranteed seat on the next flight and a free phone call to whoever is meeting you on the other end. And worse still, you arrived with a confirmed reservation and you discover you’ve been bumped off the flight.
Interviewer: Presumably, if you choose to travel that off-peak times, there were few problems.
Nigel: Well, there are no off-peak times — all flights seemed to be full except Saturday. I don’t quite understand why this is so. You know, if there is a public holiday, things are likely to be a specially busy.  The special fare systems on the airlines’ computers encourage more people to fly on less popular fights and this means that ms a result of all flights are equally full.
Interviewer: So, what advice would you give to business ’travelers?
Nigel: I’d say, avoid bigger airport as you can. The mason is that there are too many flights them. Then remember not to check your baggage if you can help it. Another thing is, be prepared for delays — take something to eat and drink in your hand luggage.
Interviewer: Nigel, what kind of mistake do inexperience travelers make?
Nigel: The first mistake business travelers make is to take far too much luggage. Remember, take only carry-on luggage. Because at most airports, you can get away with toe small bags.
Interviewer: Oh, I see.
Nigel: Another mistake people make is to think that you have to pay full price for air tickets. You should find out about the different ticket options. For example, an RTW fare can save up to 40% on normal fare.
Interviewer: Excuse me, what is RTW?
Nigel: Round the world. For example, if you going to Australia from the USA, you could go out via Singapore and come back via North America. And another way to save money, is to see if a ticket to a destination beyond this cheaper. For example, a ticket from Amsterdam, from London to New York may be cheaper than long strip from London to New York.
Interviewer: En, that’s very useful information.
Nigel: And another mistake is to go away for too long. Most people’s efficiency and energy start to fall off after two weeks away. So my advice is keep your trip short. Only go off for two weeks and never for longer than three. Another point is don’t expect everything to go according to plan. You need to learn to expect the unexpected, there may be a typhoon in summer or your taxi may break down on the way to the airport. In other words, don’t be optimistic about , plans, and don’t schedule important meetings toe closely together, you need to allow time for delays and breakdowns.
Interviewer: Yeah, this is something travelers have to remember when they plan the trips.
Nigel: And another thing, get to know a good travel agent and make sure he gives you the best possible service. Take discount for example, a good travel agent can get first -lass tickets for the price of business-class. This is because he does enough volume business and he can get discount with airlines on his own behalf. He should pass them on to you, so make sure he indeed does.
Interviewer: I think the worst part of a trip is having to travel overnight, it would be stuck for a weekend or some dreadful place. Are there any ways of avoiding that’?
Nigel: Yes. A weekend break or a stuff over in a more relaxing or lively place is often available at special cheap weekend way. Various airlines and hotel chains offer these and it is always more pleasant to stay the night in the hotel than on the plane, even if you travel business class.
Interviewer: Yes. Okay, thank you Nigel for all the useful information and advice.
Nigel: Pleasure.