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  3. Theories accounting for the physical process of color vision have undergone many changes since 1801, when Thomas Young first sug

Theories accounting for the physical process of color vision have undergone many changes since 1801, when Thomas Young first sug

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问题     Theories accounting for the physical process of color vision have undergone many changes since 1801, when Thomas Young first suggested that three types of cone in the retina respond to stimulus from red, green and blue light, or a mixture of these three basic colors. This concept of "additive" color has been retained with modifications made, as new discoveries of the eye’s functions have been uncovered. Today, the most popular theory is that there are color opponent cells in the eye that work to excite response to one basic color and inhibit another, while achromatic cells respond to whiteness or darkness. The interactions between these cells produce the huge range of colors that we see.
    When it comes to naming these colors, however, an entirely different process takes over language. At one stage it was believed that language defined how one viewed the world, by restricting perceptions to terms available within each language. Thus the Dani people of New Guinea were thought to see everything literally in black and white, as these were the only color terms within their language.
    Experiments over a wide range of colors, however, showed that there were 11 basic color terms. In English these colors are black, white, red, yellow, green, blue, brown, purple, pink, gray, and orange. In any culture with less than these 11 basic terms, such as the Dani, the choice of basic names will follow the order above. What was striking about the study was that the Dani were able to perceive color variations as ably as anyone from a culture with the full number of basic color terms. This led researchers to the unsurprising conclusion that although languages differ, perceptions remain identical.
If a culture had only four colors in its language, what would they be?
选项 A、Red, blue, yellow, and white.
B、Black, white, gray, and red.
C、Black, white, green, and brown.
D、Black, white, red, and yellow.
答案D
解析 第三段提到：实验证明，有十一种颜色词是基本颜色词，它们在英语中表现为：黑色、白色、红色、黄色、绿色、蓝色、褐色、紫色、粉红色、灰色和橙色。如果一种语言中少于十一种基本颜色词，那么就按先后顺序做出选择。因此，如果某种语言中只有四种颜色词，那么它们就应该是黑色、白色、红色和黄色，故应选D。
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