首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Ah, the naivety of the older generation. Nearly 500 eminent astronomers, biologists, chemists, physicists and earth scientists h
Ah, the naivety of the older generation. Nearly 500 eminent astronomers, biologists, chemists, physicists and earth scientists h
admin
2017-02-28
40
问题
Ah, the naivety of the older generation. Nearly 500 eminent astronomers, biologists, chemists, physicists and earth scientists have been surveyed to identify the "core traits of exemplary scientists". Their answer? Honesty is critical, second only to curiosity, and we ought to do more to instil it in those considering science careers.
Ironically, they are deceiving themselves. Researchers have never been whiter than white. Here are a couple of revealing numbers. About 2 per cent of scientists admit to at least one act of research misconduct. But as a whole, researchers say that around 14 per cent of their colleagues are involved in such behaviour. Someone’s not being straight.
Those figures come from a 2009 meta-analysis (far more scientifically reliable than a single sample of " honoured" academics) , that also found one-third of scientists confessed to "questionable research practices" such as cooking data, mining it for a significant result that is then presented as the original target of the study, selective publication or concealing conflicts of interest.
We may never know for sure how widespread such behaviour is. According to another meta-analysis published in October, scientists are becoming less likely to admit to fabrication, falsification or plagiarism. That study also found that researchers see plagiarism as more heinous than making results up. They are more likely to report a colleague they catch in an act of plagiarism than one fabricating or falsifying data.
How can this be so, when honesty is supposedly such an essential attribute? Because it gets the job done. Raymond De Vries at the University of Michigan and colleagues have argued that data manipulation based on intuition of what a result should look like is "normal misbehaviour." They see such common misbehaviours as having "a useful and irreplaceable role" in science. Why? Because of "the ambiguities and everyday demands of scientific research."
In other words, data isn’t often as clean as you would like. According to Frederick Grinnell, an ethicist at the University of Texas, intuition is " an important, and perhaps in the end a researcher’ s best, guide to distinguishing between data and noise." Sometimes you just know that data point was an anomaly to be ignored.
Should we do something to make science more virtuous? Probably not. Those eminent academics questioned for the survey by Michigan State University, which was released today at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, are hopelessly optimistic when it comes to improving ethical standards: 94 per cent of them said students can learn scientific values and virtues from "exemplary scientists."
The author’ s attitude towards the present situation is
选项
A、optimistic.
B、puzzled.
C、carefree.
D、pessimistic.
答案
D
解析
(1)根据题目顺序,可定位至全文最后一段,题干中的“现状(the present situation)”指现在科研中的不诚实现象。(2)根据文章,“我们可以提升科研中的德行吗?也许不行”(第7段:Probably not)。“那些受到质疑的学者们对现状持有乐观态度,这令人失望”(第7段:hopelessly optimistic)。(3)此外,文章第l段和最后一段都提到了“模范科学家”,而在examplary scientists上都使用了引号,表达出了反讽的语气。综合这些信息,可知答案为选项[D]。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/csbZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Inspiteof"endlesstalkofdifference",Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.Thereis"thedemocrat
Cryingishardlyanactivityencouragedbysociety.Tears,whethertheyareofsorrow,anger,orjoy,typicallymakeAmericansf
Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworl
Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely—thoughbynomeansuniformly—glowinglypositive.Scienceand
Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turtleshavestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheireggsonsandybeaches,longbeforetherew
Youaregoingtostudyataforeignuniversity.Writealetterinquiringaboutthespecificinformationasregardsaccommodation
Large,multinationalcorporationsmaybethecompanieswhoseupsanddownsseizeheadlines.Buttoafargreaterextentthanmos
Itiseasiertonegotiateinitialsalaryrequirementbecauseonceyouareinside,theorganizationalconstraintsinfluencewage
Expertshavelongknownthatchildrenimitatemanyofthedeeds—goodandbad—thattheyseeontelevision.Butithasrarelybeen
Youngpeoplealwayssufferinrecessions.Employersstop【C1】______thembecausetheyareeasiertosack.Butin【C2】______episod
随机试题
消渴病的主要临床表现有
男性,16岁。2年前患右胫骨上段急性骨髓炎,经治疗后症状、体征消失,但右膝下方留下一流脓窦道,至今未愈。检查:右膝下方有一窦道,少许脓性分泌物。如X线片示右胫骨上段有死腔及大块死骨,包壳形成完整,其治疗是
此时应首先做哪项检查该患儿确诊后,根据上述临床表现,紧急处理应首先选用以下哪种药物
患者,女性,48岁,因进行性吞咽困难,经检查确诊为食管癌,拟行根治术。下列准备不必要的是
A.胆B.胃C.小D.三焦E.膀胱“中正之官”指的是
下列投资控制工作中,属于监理工程师的工作是()。
A酒厂3月份委托B酒厂生产酒精30吨,一次性支付加工费9500元。已知A酒厂提供原料的成本为57000元,B酒厂无同类产品销售价格,酒精适用的消费税税率为5%。则该批酒精的消费税组成计税价格是()元。
德育是培养良好的思维习惯:智育是培养细节的行为习惯。()
某城市共有A、B、C、D、E五个区,A区人口是全市人口的,B区人口是A区人口的,C区人口是D区和E区人口总数的,A区比C区多3万人。全市共有多少万人?
给儿童呈现一张内容复杂的图片,30秒后把图片移开,让其看灰色的屏幕,这时他会“看见”同样一张清晰的图片。儿童还能根据当时产生的表象准确地描述图片中的细节,就好像图片仍在眼前一样。这种心理现象是部分学龄儿童特有的,一般到青年期就消失了。这种心理现象是
最新回复
(
0
)