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Industrial psychology is the application of various psychological techniques to the selection and training of industrial workers

admin2012-09-11  54
问题     Industrial psychology is the application of various psychological techniques to the selection and training of industrial workers and to the promotion of efficient working conditions and techniques, as well as individual job satisfaction.
    The selection of workers for particular jobs is essentially a problem of discovering the special aptitudes and techniques, and personality characteristics needed for the job and of devising tests to determine whether candidates have such aptitudes and characteristics. The development of tests of this kind has long been a field of psychological research. Once the worker is on the job and has been trained, the fundamental aim of the industrial psychologist is to find ways in which a particular job can best be accomplished with a minimum of effort and a maximum of individual satisfaction. The psychologist’s function, therefore, differs from that of the so-called efficiency expert, who places primary emphasis on increased production. Psychological techniques used to lessen the effort involved in a given job include a detailed study of the motion required to do the job, the equipment used, and the conditions under which the job is performed. After making such a study, the industrial psychologist often determines that the job in question may be accomplished with less effort by changing the routine motions of the work itself, changing or moving the tools, improving the working conditions, or a combination of several of these methods.
    Industrial psychologists have also studied the effects of fatigue on workers to determine the length of working time that yields the greatest productivity. In some cases such studies have proven that total production on particular jobs could be increased by reducing the number of working hours or by increasing the number of rest periods, or "breaks", during the day. Industrial psychologists may also suggest less direct requirements for general improvement of job performance, such as establishing a better line of communication between employees and management.
Based on the results of the industrial psychologists’ studies, it is certain that______.
选项 A、two breaks in a day lead to lower productivity than one
B、working without breaks may not yield the highest efficiency
C、communication is increasing between the employers and employees
D、changing tools will help increase the production
答案B
解析 本题属于推断题。从短文中第三段的第一、二句可推断出不休息地连续工作不一定会提高生产效率；A与短文意思相反；短文中只说劳资双方更好地沟通较直接地要求工人提高工作效率更有利于提高工作效率，与C项意思不符；短文中根本没有提及更换生产工具的问题，所以D项应排除。
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