首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
What Makes Sound Beautiful? (69)Beauty is certainly more than skin-deep. However you might define it, beauty extends far be
What Makes Sound Beautiful? (69)Beauty is certainly more than skin-deep. However you might define it, beauty extends far be
admin
2019-08-04
63
问题
What Makes Sound Beautiful?
(69)
Beauty is certainly more than skin-deep. However you might define it, beauty extends far beyond the visual to that which pleases other senses and even the mind.
The most important a-mong these other routes for the observation of beauty is the sense of hearing. Music is routinely recognized as beautiful. So are other sounds, like the whispering of wind through pines or the gentle purring of a cat.
Just as philosophers and scientists have struggled to define visual beauty, they have attempted to analyze the appeal of pleasant sounds as well. Ultimately, sonic(声音的)beauty is in the ear of the beholder. Research and intuition can, however, suggest reasons why one person considers a musical piece gorgeous while another considers it a bucketful of noise.
The existence of noise is a clue in itself. A conventional definition of noise would include adjectives like unwanted, annoying, disorganized, or meaningless. Sounds that have no discernible(可识别的)pattern to them or that intrude on mental order are not generally considered beautiful. The relationship of sound to the situation is crucial. An assertive orchestral piece like Copland’s "Fanfare for the Common Man" could be strikingly beautiful at a Fourth of July celebration yet decidedly annoying when it blares from someone else’s apartment while you are trying to concentrate on a difficult task.
But it is the quest to discover the role of pattern that takes us beyond such obvious intuitive judgments about the beauty of sound. In the 1930s, a mathematician named George Birkhoff proposed formulas that would place a given work of art on a numerical aesthetic(审美的)scale. More beautiful art would score higher than less beautiful art. He proposed different specifies for analyzing painting, or geometric figures, or poetry, or music, but his central formula is M =0 / C. The symbol M stands for beauty, 0 for organization, and C for complexity.(70)
In other words, a work of music that is very well organized and not very complicated scores higher than a work with similarly good organization but a high degree of complexity.
Organization is good, complexity is bad.
This aspect of Birkhoffs approach clearly oversimplifies the case. Organization and complexity do contribute to the perceived beauty of a musical piece, but not as mere opposites. They entwine and influence the piece in combination with each other and with other factors. To illustrate this, let’s consider one of those other factors, the musical experience and knowledge that a listener brings to a piece of music.
Music critics are well-known for disliking works that become immensely popular and for praising material that the general public finds boring or even unpleasant. Why should this disparity be so common? Or why should a 40-year-old who loved bouncy pop music during his teen years now find it hard to tolerate his own teenage children’s taste in music?
The answers probably involve a certain ideal level of complexity, a point where the complexity of a piece and the way it is organized are matched perfectly with a listener’s knowledge and experience. The work presents enough of a challenge so that the listener can enjoy thinking about and deciphering(解读)its patterns, but it is not so impossibly complex that the listener remains confused. A work that falls far below this ideal level is too simple or too familiar to be interesting. A work that reaches far above the ideal levels is frustrating and dissatisfying.
According to the passage, what is the relationship between organization and complexity when contributing to the perceived beauty of a musical piece?
选项
答案
Organization and complexity entwine influence the piece in combination with each other andwith other factors.
解析
(文章倒数第三段段倒数第二句提到organization and complexity的关系:They entwineand influence the piece in combination with each other and with other factors.)
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/dvjK777K
本试题收录于:
D类竞赛(专科)题库大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)分类
0
D类竞赛(专科)
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)
相关试题推荐
A.fightingB.subjectsC.certainlyD.questionE.resultinF.furtherG.appearance
A.rootB.controlC.subjectsD.howeverE.realityF.sharpG.intenseH.measu
A.rootB.controlC.subjectsD.howeverE.realityF.sharpG.intenseH.measu
A.rootB.controlC.subjectsD.howeverE.realityF.sharpG.intenseH.measu
A.additionalB.ideallyC.alteredD.personalE.likelyF.excessiveG.virtually
(1)AUniversityofLeicesterteamtestedtheeffectofregularswimmingsessionswithdolphinson15depressedpeopleinastudy
Whilethe1970spoppsychotherapymovementfocusedontheimportanceoflettingangerout,morerecentresearchsuggeststhatth
Youaredoingaminiresearchprojectoninternationalmigration.Thefollowingaresomeusefulmaterials.Writeareportofabo
Youaredoingaminiresearchprojectondiets.Thefollowingaresomeusefulmaterials.Writeareportofabout200words.Your
(1)Inundatedbymoreinformationthanwecanpossiblyholdinourheads,we’reincreasinglyhandingoffthejobofremembering
随机试题
连枷胸
A.崩漏B.月经过多C.经期延长D.月经先期E.月经后期
小剂量可用于预防胎儿神经管畸形的是()。
医疗场所类别划分为2级的下列场所有()。
电路交换的特点有()。
A省甲啤酒公司收购C省的两家啤酒公司的股权,从而进入C省市场。几个月后,C省的乙啤酒公司也收购了A省的三家啤酒公司的股权,进入A省市场。根据以上资料可以看出,乙啤酒公司进入A省的报复手段是()。
如果资本市场是完全有效的,下列表述中正确的有()。(2007年)
基因疗法是一种全新的治疗方式。科学家发现,遗传密码对一切生物都是通用的,他们想到利用对人体无害的逆转录病毒充当载体,把正常基因输送到人体内。这个过程是先从患者身上取下一些细胞,然后把正常基因嫁接到病毒上,再让这些病毒去感染取出的人体细胞,让它们把正常基因插
材料:停车难题。已成为扰乱城市交通秩序的顽症。一种新的停车模式——“错时停车”已从去年起在北京、南京、武汉等地实施,但是在近一年的发展中,错时停车并没有如人所愿地解决停车难的问题,而是在实施中频频遇阻。在车多位少的情况下,车位成为一种有限而稀缺的
MarkingthefifthWorldIntellectualPropertyDayonApril26,theDirectorGeneraloftheWorldIntellectualPropertyOrganizat
最新回复
(
0
)