2. 外语
  3. For most learners, skill learning begins with the cognitive stage. During this stage, the learners are instructed how to do the

For most learners, skill learning begins with the cognitive stage. During this stage, the learners are instructed how to do the

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问题     For most learners, skill learning begins with the cognitive stage. During
this stage, the learners are instructed how to do the task, observe an expert
performing the task, or attempt to figure it up and study it themselves. This       【M1】______
stage involves conscious activity on the part of the learner, and the acquired
knowledge at this stage is typical declarative and can be described verbally by the 【M2】______
learner. For instance, one can memorize vocabulary and the rules for grammar
when learning to speak a second language, or learn after observation when to use    【M3】______
unanalyzed chuck of language appropriately, just as one can memorize any other      【M4】______
set of facts. This knowledge enables the learner to describe how to communicate
in the second language, as the knowledge by itself is inadequate for skilled        【M5】______
performance, since the performance at this stage is very deliberate and tends to
be laden with the errors. Then after some period of practice, we come to the        【M6】______
next stage—the associative stage, during which two main changes incur              【M7】______
with respect to the development of proficiency in the skill. First, errors in
the original  declarative  representation of the stored  information are
gradually detected and eliminated. Second,  the connection among the                【M8】______
various elements or components of the skill are strengthened. Basically,
during this stage the declarative knowledge is turned into their procedural         【M9】______
form. However, the declarative representation initially formed is not always
lost. Thus, even as we become fluent at speaking a foreign language, we             【M10】______
still remember its rules of grammar.
【M5】
选项
答案as→but
解析 连词错误。整个句子围绕“这些知识”展开，前面提到这些知识对学习者的帮助和作用，后面却转而提出这些知识的缺点：要想达到熟练应用，这些知识本身还不够，因为这个阶段学习者对语言的运用是有意而为之，会出现很多错误。从语意来看．两个分句的关系应该是转折，应使用转折连词but，而不能用表原因的as。
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