首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Accounts of debilitating fear after trauma date back to the Trojan wars. In the 19th century survivors of train crashes were dia
Accounts of debilitating fear after trauma date back to the Trojan wars. In the 19th century survivors of train crashes were dia
admin
2023-02-22
48
问题
Accounts of debilitating fear after trauma date back to the Trojan wars. In the 19th century survivors of train crashes were diagnosed with "railway spine" because doctors thought their hysteria was caused by compression of the backbone. In the First World War it was known as shell shock, soldier’s heart or battle fatigue. Not until soldiers returned from the Vietnam war with the same symptoms of hyper-vigilance, flashbacks and nightmares was the disorder truly taken seriously. In 1980 an umbrella term was coined: post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
PTSD is more common after repeated traumas than after a one-off; it is also more likely to emerge if the perpetrator is known to the victim.【B1】___________________Women are twice as likely as men to suffer, partly because domestic violence is a common cause of repeated trauma and because women are at much greater risk of sexual assault, which is particularly likely to cause PTSD.
Sufferers are at much higher risk of developing other health problems, including diabetes, heart ailments, depression and addiction. They are also much more likely to be out of work, have marital problems or become teenage parents.【B2】________________
Neural research is helping to reveal how people get stuck in a state of fear.【B3】_________________In someone with PTSD the filters struggle to distinguish between real threats and those that can safely be ignored.
The brain of a healthy person given cause to panic will tell the body to activate various reactions, including releasing adrenalin. A person’s heart rate will increase and they will have a strong urge to fight or flee. Once back to safety, symptoms subside and all that remains is a bad memory.【B4】_______
The more often people receive such reminders without suffering a disaster, the more likely the fear is to dissipate—which is why it is important not to hide away after a trauma. When this mechanism fails, the result is PTSD.
Treatments mostly aim to retrain the brain’s fear response. Many patients are given cognitive therapy, which teaches them to think differently about what happened and trains them to cope with triggers. Debra Kaysen of the University of Washington says severe symptoms recede in about four out of five patients following a dozen or so sessions. Other patients are given exposure therapy, in which they are confronted with the feared stimuli.【B5】_________________
[A] These new treatments for PTSD will take longer to develop than hoped, but acceptance of PTSD’s inherently physical nature could encourage sufferers to seek help earlier.
[B] Trauma in early childhood, when the brain is still learning about the world and what should be feared, makes people more vulnerable in later life. So children abused by family members are at high risk of developing PTSD.
[C] Adults may be asked to describe a traumatic event in excruciating detail until it loses its potency; young children might play out what happened with toys. Virtual-reality simulations have been used on soldiers.
[D] The amygdalae, a pair of almond-sized regions deep in the brain, are the main orchestrators of fear, reading incoming signals such as smells and sounds and sending messages to other bits of the brain, which filter the signals before reacting.
[E] A woman assaulted in a noisy bar may react fearfully to the sound of clinking glasses for a few weeks, but over time, in what is called "fear extinction", the positive association of celebrating with friends will outweigh negative ones.
[F] A soldier returning from war may continue to freeze and have debilitating flashbacks when anything reminds him of combat. One ex-soldier tells of "freaking out" every time his wife baked: it turned out that the smell of almonds evoked Semtex, an explosive.
[G] As with other mental illnesses, they often have to bear the additional grief of their condition being dismissed as a character failing or at least less real than a physical illness.
【B3】
选项
答案
D
解析
空格后从神经系统的角度揭示PTSD患者会在恐惧时陷入思维困境的原因,其中关键词the filters在D中同样有出现。D介绍大脑中产生恐惧感的主要区域——杏仁核——的运行机理,其中,最后一步的other bits of the brain,which filter the signals before reacting就是空格后the filters指代的对象。空格后进一步指出PTSD患者的这个区域出现问题,导致信息过滤失效,和D一起,共同解释了空格前提问的how people get stuck in a state of fear。故本题选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/e4MD777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Leadingdoctorstodayweighinonthedebateoverthegovernment’sroleinpromotingpublichealthbydemandingthatministersi
Leadingdoctorstodayweighinonthedebateoverthegovernment’sroleinpromotingpublichealthbydemandingthatministersi
TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehind
TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehind
MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeG.I.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat’s
Inrecentweeks,BenSilbermann,aco-founderofthedigitalpinboardservicePinterest,resignedaschiefexecutive;JoeGebbia
Howshouldwetellthestoryofthedigitalcentury,nowtwodecadesold?Wecouldfocus,asjournalistsdo,onthedestruction
AsNicholasNegropontehasdoneforthepastthreeyears,thefounderandchairmanofthenon-profitOneLaptopPerChildfounda
Somedoctorsaretakinganunusualnewapproachtocommunicatebetterwithpatients—theyareletting【C1】________readthenotest
Beforewelefttheroomthechairmanmadesure________thelightswereturnedoff.
随机试题
烧碱即氢氧化钠,是具有强烈腐蚀性的“高危化学品”。但烧碱也是一种“可在各类食品加工过程中使用,残留量不需限定的加工助剂”,是一种高效的酸度调节剂。但用作食品加工的烧碱需要“食品级”,而不少报道提到的是“不法商贩使用工业烧碱”。食品级烧碱和工业烧碱的区别不在
A.腕下垂B.掌指关节不能主动伸直,拇指不能外展C.两者均有D.两者均无桡神经浅支损伤有
咳嗽痰少,口干鼻燥。恶寒发热,头痛无汗,舌苔薄,此属
根据《中华人民共和国仲裁法》的规定,关于仲裁特征和基本原则的下列表述中,不正确的是()。(2014年)
某学校改善教学设施,创设良好的校园文化,使学生学习到了非预期的知识、价值观、规范和态度。这类课程类型是()。
2013年,重庆市房地产开发企业完成投资突破3000亿大关,达3012.78亿元,同比增长20.1%,较一季度回落5.2个百分点,比上半年回落7.6个百分点,比前三季度回落0.5个百分点。截至12月月底,全市商品房施工面积26251.89万平方米
与8e3ln3数学式子对应的VisualBasic表达式是______。
Passage1
(1)WhentheViaductdeMillauopenedinthesouthofFrancein2004,thistallestbridgeintheworldwonworldwidecompliments
Educationismuchmoreopen-endedandall-inclusivethanschooling.Educationknowsno【S1】______.Itcantakeplaceanywhere,wh
最新回复
(
0
)