首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Bacteria (细菌) , like people, can be divided into friend and foe. 61. Inspired by evidence that the friendly sort may help with a
Bacteria (细菌) , like people, can be divided into friend and foe. 61. Inspired by evidence that the friendly sort may help with a
admin
2013-01-28
19
问题
Bacteria (细菌) , like people, can be divided into friend and foe. 61.
Inspired by evidence that the friendly sort may help with a range of ailments (疾病) , many people consume bacteria in the form of vogurts and dietary supplements. Such a smattering of artificial additions, however, represents but a drop in the ocean.
There are at least 800 types of bacteria living in the human gut. And research by Steven Gill of the Institute for Genomic Research in Rockville, Maryland, and his colleagues, published in this week’s Science, suggests that the collective genome of these organisms is so large that it contains 100 times as many genes as the human genome itself.
Dr Gill and his team were able to come to this conclusion by extracting bacterial DNA from the faeces (粪便) of two volunteers. 62.
Because of the complexiW of the samples, they were not able to reconstruct the entire genomes (基因组) of each of the gut bacteria, just the individual genes. But that allowed them to make an estimate of numbers.
What all these bacteria are doing is tricky to identify -- the bacteria themselves are difficult to cultivate. 63.
So the researchers guessed at what they might be up to by comparing the genes they discovered with published databases of genes whose functions are already known.
64.
This comparison helped Dr Gill identify for the first time the probable enzymatic (酶的) processes by which bacteria help humans to digest the complex carbohydrates in plants.
The bacteria also contain a plentiful supply of genes involved in the synthesis of chemicals essential to human life -- including two B vitamins and certain essential amino acids -- although the team merely showed that these metabolic pathways exist rather than proving that they are used. Nevertheless, the pathways they found leave humans looking more like ruminants: animals such as goats and sheep that use bacteria to break down otherwise indigestible matter in the plants they eat.
The broader conclusion Dr Gill draws is that people are superorganisms whose metabolism represents an amalgamation of human and microbial attributes. The notion of a superorganism has emerged before, as researchers in other fields have come to view humans as having a diverse internal ecosystem 65.
This, suggest some, will be crucial to the success of personalized medicine, as different people will have different responses to drugs, depending, on their microbial flora. (微生物群落)
Accordingly, the next step, says Dr Gill, is to see how microbial population vary between people of different ages, backgrounds and diets.
Another area of research is the process by which these helpful bacteria first colonize the digestive tract. Babies acquire their gut flora as they pass down the birth canal and take a gene-filled gulp of their mother’s vaginal and faecal flora. It might not be the most delicious of first meals, but it could well be an important one.
选项
答案
有人认为,这一点对个性化药物的成功开发是至关重要的,因为不同的人具有不同 的微生物群落,对不同的药物具有不同的反应。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/eN1O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Duringthenormaldevelopmentofself,achildisaffectedbycertaininfluentialfactors.(1)Infantsformanattachmentwitht
Inthesetimes,whenourformofgovernmentisbeingcriticizedbypeopleofmanydifferentbeliefs,itisimportantthatweund
Thereisnoquestionthattheoldstyleofairpollutioncouldkillpeople.Inoneweekfollowingtheinfamous"peasouper"fogi
Themostnoticeabletrendamongtoday’smediacompaniesisverticalintegration--anattempttocontrolseveralrelatedaspectso
Theyarebothverydeterminedpeople,sothere’srather______bypersonalities.
Accordingtothe28thannualsurveyofcollegefreshmenconductedbytheAmericanCouncilonEducationandUCLA(UniversityofC
Accordingtothe28thannualsurveyofcollegefreshmenconductedbytheAmericanCouncilonEducationandUCLA(UniversityofC
Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancecomplainofjetlag.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductiveandmoreprone【21】makin
Mostpeoplewhotravellongdistancecomplainofjetlag.Jetlagmakesbusinesstravelerslessproductiveandmoreprone【21】makin
YeatswasbeginningtouseavocabularyfreshlymintedfromthetreasuryofGaelicliterature,andmanyoftheshorterpoemsin
随机试题
纸芯式过滤器常用于过滤质量要求低的低压系统。()
当债券票面利率与市场利率一致时,则债券以__________发行。
A.窦神经冲动增加B.心交感神经冲动增多C.交感缩血管纤维冲动增多D.心迷走神经冲动增多E.交感舒血管纤维冲动增多体位性低血压恢复正常时,心率加快的原因是()
在我国,商业银行可以利用自由资金从事股票交易。()
“若顾客向你投诉,说你的下属服务质量差,你将会怎么做?”这属于()。(2008年5月二级真题)
下面是一位教师的反思日记:回顾以前,我感觉到,过去这一学期的教学比我前十年的教学总和都更让我明白什么叫教育。以前,我教好几个班,并且每班人数都在80左右。每天,我的大部分工作时间都在备课,与学生交流很少,我只考虑自己能提供什么,很少考虑学生需要什
中国汽车行业协会公布的2009年4月份中国汽车销售数据显示,在其他国家汽车销售量进一步疲软的情况下,国内乘用车销售量却持续上升,当月销量已达83.1万辆,比3月份增长7.59%,同比增长37.37%。乘用车细分为基本型乘用车(轿车)、多功能车(
赵某、钱某都是某公司的职员,两人同住一宿舍。2007年春,公司派赵某到珠海办事处工作1年。临行前,赵某将已使用了1年的一台电脑委托给钱某保管并允许其使用。1个月后,赵某给钱某写信说自己买了一台笔记本电脑,委托其保管的电脑可以适当价格出售,但modem因还有
Themeasureofaman’scharacteriswhathewoulddoifheknewhewouldneverbefoundout.
A、Therewastrafficjam.B、Thetrainsweredelayed.C、Hecouldn’tfindabusstop.D、Somethingwentwrongwithhisfriend’smoto
最新回复
(
0
)