首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up t
Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up t
admin
2010-04-28
37
问题
Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.
No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science; exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.
A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.
Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science. (424)
We can infer from the passage that ______.
选项
A、there is little distinction between specialization and professionalisation
B、amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science
C、professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community
D、amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
答案
B
解析
推理判断题。线索是原文第二段第四句,该句指出专业化给业余科研人员带来问题主要在数学和实验训练这些方面。这样可以推断,在那些与数学或实验关系不太密切的科学领域,业余人员照样可以干得像专业人员一样好,因此B应为正确答案。A、C、D三项均与文章不符。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ejqO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
A、She’soldenoughtolookafterherself.B、Sheneverleavesherroominamess.C、Shewantstobebetter-looking.D、She’satee
A、MyfatherobjectedbecauseIhavenofirmideaofwhatI’mgoingtodo.B、MyfatherneverhasanygoodideasaboutwhatI’mgo
Americanstodayhavedifferenteatinghabitsthantheyhadinthepast.Thereisawide【C1】______offoodavailable.Theyhave
A、I’msatisfiedwithmycurrentschedule.B、Ishoulddesignanewworkschedule.C、Myworkloadisextremelyheavyasitis.D、My
Nomatterifyou’releafingthroughthoseglossyadmissionsbrochures,attendinganinformationsessiononcampusorbrowsinga
A、Theusher.B、Thepeoplesittingnext.C、Thepeoplesittinginfrontofhim.D、Thepeoplestandingintheback.C
A、Decaffeinatedcoffeemayhelppreventheartdisease.B、Coffeedoesnotnecessarilycauseheartdisease.C、Coffeehaslesscaff
A、There’rethreebasicguidelinestosmartinvestingforone’sfuture.B、It’snecessarytounderstandthefinancialproductsbef
A、Theywereeverywhere.B、Theyweresplashyonwholepage.C、Theyweresmallandsubdued.D、Theyappearedonthefrontpageofn
Justas【1】______isfamousforthetango,soAmerican【1】______iswell-knownforjazz,atypicalAmericaninvention
随机试题
避免正常组织超量的原则,正确的是
免疫复合物介导的血管炎包括
患者,男性,58岁。2天前晚上看电视时,突感右侧肢体麻木,无力,2小时前全身抽搐一次,继之头痛呕吐,送来医院急诊,经检查确诊为脑栓塞。最支持诊断的体征是
根据《立法法》的规定,以下哪些是规章的制定主体?
根据《证券投资基金法》《私募投资基金监督管理暂行办法》和中央编办相关通知要求,中国证券投资基金业协会自()起正式开展私募基金管理人登记、私募基金备案和自律管理工作。
2008年5月,松园劳务派遣有限责任公司(简称“松园公司”)与天利房地产开发有限责任公司(简称“天利公司”)签订劳务派遣协议,将李某派遣到天利公司工作。根据有关法律规定,松园公司与天利公司协商劳务派遣协议的下列条款中,符合法律规定的有()。
有关英国近代教育状况的表述不正确的一项是‘()
最早出现诉讼代理的朝代是()。
在查询设计器的工具栏中有、而在视图设计器中没有的工具按钮是
It’sthefirstquestionparentsaskwhentheirchildisdiagnosedwithautism(自闭症).Willhisfuturebrothersorsistershavea
最新回复
(
0
)