首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up t
Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up t
admin
2010-04-28
71
问题
Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.
No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science; exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.
A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.
Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science. (424)
We can infer from the passage that ______.
选项
A、there is little distinction between specialization and professionalisation
B、amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science
C、professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community
D、amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
答案
B
解析
推理判断题。线索是原文第二段第四句,该句指出专业化给业余科研人员带来问题主要在数学和实验训练这些方面。这样可以推断,在那些与数学或实验关系不太密切的科学领域,业余人员照样可以干得像专业人员一样好,因此B应为正确答案。A、C、D三项均与文章不符。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ejqO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
EveryoneseemstohateAmerica’slateststabatimmigrationreform,whichwentbeforethefullSenatethisweek.Immigrantgroup
AsPhiladelphiagrewfromasmalltownintoacityinthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,itbecameanincreasinglyimport
G8summitisdiscussing【B1】______aid,【B2】______debtand【B3】______fairertradingsystems.Meanwhile,【B4】______ofAfrica’sfor
Toforeigners,fewthingsseemaspeculiarlyBritishasthehabitofsendingyoungchildrenawayfromhometoschool.Atfirstg
A、Becausesheisasuccessfulcross-culturalnovelist.B、BecauseshehasneverbeentoGermanybefore.C、Becausethisisthepla
TheBritishpublic’svotetoleavetheEUhassetoffpoliticalandscientificshockwavesthatcouldroilEuropeandtheworld
Thewritersayshisfather’sideaofreligionseemedstraightforwardandsimplebecausehisfatherThewriter’sfatherwouldpro
Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith______.Theauthorsuggeststhatimplementingmanufacturingcompetitivene
Justas【1】______isfamousforthetango,soAmerican【1】______iswell-knownforjazz,atypicalAmericaninvention
DarwinandHisTheoryDarwinwasbornin1809asthesonofaphysician.Heearlierplannedtobecomea【1】______intheChur
随机试题
破产清算
下列关于防风通圣散的叙述中,正确的是
A.病变在上在表的疾病B.病变在下在里的疾病C.病势逆上者D.病势陷下者沉降药可治
患者,女性,33岁,停经8个月,第一胎,阴道大量流血3小时入院。出血时不伴有腹痛及阴道流水。既往有2次人流史,药物流产1次。查体:P120次/分,BP87/56mmHg,神清,轻度贫血貌,宫高30cm,腹围95cm,胎位LSA,FHR150次/分。询问
社会保障法律制度的社会保障对象、社会保障项目、社会保障待遇水平,受到( )的制约和影响。
并购重组委员会委员审核并购重组申请文件时,有下列哪些情形之一的,应当及时提出回避?()
银行做好对催收外包机构的管理,需要防范出现的风险包括()
设随机变量X的概率密度为f(x)=求Y=3X的概率密度.
规定保证权利和义务得以实现或职权和权责得以履行的法律规范的总称是
关于设计模式,下列说法正确的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)