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  3. A dream is this: I perceive objects, but there is nothing there. I see people; I seem to speak to them and I hear what they answ

A dream is this: I perceive objects, but there is nothing there. I see people; I seem to speak to them and I hear what they answ

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问题     A dream is this: I perceive objects, but there is nothing there. I see people; I seem to speak to them and I hear what they answer, but there is no one there and I have not really spoken. It is just as if real things and real people were, but on waking all has disappeared. How does this happen?
    But, first, is it true that there is nothing there? I mean, is there any sense material presented to our eyes, to our ears, to our touch, etc., during sleep as well as during waking?
    Close the eyes and look attentively at what goes on in the field of our vision. Many people questioned on this point would say that nothing goes on, that they see nothing. This is not surprising, for a certain amount of practice is necessary to be able to observe oneself satisfactorily. But just give the requisite amount, and you will distinguish, little by little, many things. First, in general, a black back-ground. Upon this black background occasionally brilliant points which come and go, rising and descending, slowly and sedately. More often, spots any colors, sometimes very dull, sometimes, with certain people, so brilliant that reality cannot compare with it. These spots spread and shrink, changing form and color, constantly displacing one another. Sometimes the change is slow and gradual; sometimes again it is a whirlwind of vertiginous rapidity. Where does all this come from? The physiologists and the psychologists have studied this play of colors and have given the names "ocular spectra," "colored spots," and "phosphenes" to the phenomenon. It occurs universally and it constitutes, I believe, the principal material of which we shape our dreams.
    The American psychologist professor Henry Ladd has devised a rigorous method of testing this hypothesis. It consists in acquiring the habit on awakening in the morning of keeping the eyes closed and retaining for some minutes the dream that is fading from the field of vision and soon would doubtless have faded from that of memory. Then one sees the figures and objects of the dream melt away little by little into phosphenes, identifying themselves with the colored spots that the eye really perceives when the lids are closed.
    Will this alone suffice? Still considering the sensation of sight, we ought to add to these visual sensations which we may call internal all those which continue to come to us from an external source. The eyes, when closed, still distinguish light from shade, and even, to a certain extent, different lights from one another. These sensations of light, emanating from without, are at the bottom of many of our dreams. A candle abruptly lighted in the room will, for example, suggest to the sleeper, if his slumber is not too deep, a dream dominated by the image of fire, the idea of a burning building. Such are often the dreams provoked by a bright and sudden light.
According to the passage, most people erroneously believe that when we close our eyes we can see________.
选项 A、a black background that reflects light sources outside the eyes
B、colored points and spots that continuously move and change
C、reflections of activity that is occurring in the retina
D、a nothingness that occurs because all light source is blocked by our eyelids
答案D
解析 事实细节题。第三段第二句提到，很多人被问在闭上眼之后能看到什么的时候，都回答什么也看不见。接着第三、四句提到这种想法很正常，但是经过足够多的训练之后，其实可以看到很多东西。由此可知，人们错误地以为闭上眼睛之后什么也看不到，故D项为答案。第三段第五句只提到可以看到一个黑色的背景，没有提到反射的问题，A项表述错误，故排除。第三段第六句提到，在黑色的背景上，有一些亮点来来回回的移动，B项表述正确，但这不是人们的想法，故排除B项。文中没有提到视网膜(retina)，故排除C项。
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