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  3. Intelligence test scores follow an approximately normal distribution, meaning that most people score near the middle of the dist

Intelligence test scores follow an approximately normal distribution, meaning that most people score near the middle of the dist

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问题     Intelligence test scores follow an approximately normal distribution, meaning that most people score near the middle of the distribution of scores and that scores drop off fairly rapidly in frequency as one moves in either direction from the centre. For example, on the IQ scale, about two out of three scores fall between IQs of 85 and 115, and about 19 out of 20 scores fall between 70 and 130.

    It has been common to associate certain levels of IQ with labels. For example, at the upper end, the label "gifted" is sometimes assigned to people with IQs over a certain point, such as 130. And at the lower end, mental retardation(智力迟钝)has been classified into different degrees depending upon IQ, so that, for example, IQs of 70 — 84 have been classified as borderline retarded, IQs of 55 — 69 as mildly retarded, IQs of 40 — 54 as moderately retarded, IQs of 25 — 39 as severely retarded, and IQs below 25 as profoundly retarded. Labeling schemes like these, however, have pitfalls and are in some ways dangerous.
    First, the labels assume that conventional intelligence tests provide sufficient information to classify someone as either gifted, on the one hand, or mentally retarded, on the other. But most authorities would agree that this assumption is almost certainly false. Conventional intelligence tests are useful in providing information about some people some of the time, but the information they provide is about a fairly narrow range of abilities. To label someone as mentally retarded solely on the basis of a single test score is to risk doing a potentially great disservice and injustice to that person. Most psychologists and other authorities recognize that social as well as strictly intellectual skills are important in classifying a person as retarded. If a person adapts well to the environment, then it seems inappropriate to refer to that person as mentally retarded, a term with inescapably pejorative connotations.
    Second, giftedness is generally recognized as more than just a degree of intelligence, even broadly defined. Most psychologists who have studied gifted persons agree that a variety of aspects make up giftedness. Howard E. Gruber, the Swiss psychologist, believes that giftedness unfolds over the course of a lifetime and involves achievement at least as much as intelligence. Gifted people, he contends, have life plans that they seek to realize, and these plans develop over the course of many years. To measure giftedness merely in terms of a single test score would be, for Gruber, a trivializa-tion of the concept.
The attitude of E. Gruber toward intelligence test’s function as a measurement of giftedness can best be described as______.
选项 A、positive
B、negative
C、neutral
D、tolerant
答案B
解析 观点态度题。文中最后一段讲述了格拉伯对天赋一词的看法，他认为绝不仅限于智力。最后一句指出，在格拉伯看来，按某一次智力测验的分数来衡量入的天赋，是对天赋这个词的亵渎。因此他持有的态度是否定的。[B]项正确。
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