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  3. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or

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问题     Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories【C1】______on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior【C2】______they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through【C3】______with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in【C4】______to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,【C5】______as a rejection of middle, class values.
    Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 【C6】______the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes【C7】______lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are【C8】______to criticism.
    Changes in the social structure may indirectly【C9】______juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that【C10】______to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment【C11】______make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in【C12】______lead more youths into criminal behavior.
    Families have also【C13】______changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents;【C14】______, children are likely to have less supervision at home【C15】______was common in the traditional family【C16】______. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other【C17】______causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased【C18】______of drugs and alcohol, and the growing【C19】______of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,【C20】______a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
【C2】
选项 A、before
B、unless
C、until
D、because
答案D
解析 本题要求判断空格处应填入什么连词。首先，从结构上看，本题的空格在一个由that引导的宾语从句中：Theories suggest that…。该从句含有两个完整的分句：childrenengage in criminal behavior和they were not sufficiently penalized。考生关键要判断出这两个在空格前后的分句之间是什么逻辑关系。其次，根据文意，强调个人因素的理论把犯罪归结于个人原因，按照其观点，儿童以前的不良行为没有及时地受到惩处就是儿童犯罪的原因之一，两者之间是因果关系。选项中只有连词because表因果，因此是正确答案。
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考研英语一

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