首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of im
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of im
admin
2010-06-18
44
问题
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of
human needs, which can be arranged in order of importance.
Physiological needs: the most【1】______ ones for【1】______
survival. They include such needs as food, water, etc.
And there is usually one way to satisfy these needs.
Safety needs: needs for a) physical security;
b)【2】______security. 【2】______
The former means no illness or injury, while the
latter is concerned with freedom from worries, misfortunes,
etc. These needs can be met through a variety of
means, e.g. job security,【3】______ plans, and safe【3】______
working conditions.
【4】______: human requirements for 【4】______
a) love and affection;
b)【5】______ 【5】______
There are two ways to satisfy these needs:
a) formation of relationships at work-
place;
b) formation of relationships outside
workplace.
Esteem needs: a) self-esteem, i.e. one’s sense of a-
chievement ;
b) esteem of others, i. e. other’s
respect as a result of one’s【6】______ 【6】______
These needs can be fulfilled by achievement, promotion,
honours, etc. 【7】______: need to realize one’s potential. Ways【7】______
to realize these needs are individually different.
Features of the hierarchy of needs:
a) Social, esteem and self-realization needs are ex-
clusively【8】______needs. 【8】______
b) Needs are. satisfied in【9】______from the bet-【9】______
tom up.
c) Motivation for needs comes from the lowest un-
met level.
d) Different levels of needs may【10】______ 【10】______
when they come into play.
【10】
Good morning, everybody. Today’s lecture is about Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This seems like a psychological topic. Actually, it is something psychological. Abraham Maslow is a psychologist, and he’s especially known for his theory of human needs.
OK, first of all, what is a need? Here, we can simply define it as a personal requirement. Maslow believed that humans are "wanting" beings who seek to fulfill a variety of needs. According to his theory, these needs can be arranged in an order according to their importance. It is this order that has become known as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
In this hierarchy of needs, at the most basic level are physiological needs. Fundamentally, humans are just one species of animal. We need to keep ourselves alive. Physiological needs are what we require for survival. These needs include food and water, shelter, and sleep. At this level, for us humans, Maslow also includes the need for clothing. How are these needs usually satisfied? It is mainly through adequate wages.
Then, what is the next level of needs? At the next level are safety needs, the things we require for physical and emotional security. Physical security is easy to understand. Everybody needs to keep his body safe from injury illness, etc. Then, what is emotional security? Well, that’s maybe the point in this hierarchy of needs where humans begin to differ from other animals. We are thinking animals. We have worries. What if I lost my job? What if I were struck down by a severe disease? Besides physical security, we need to think we are safe from misfortunes both now and in the foreseeable future. How can these needs be met then? According to Maslow, safety needs may be satisfied through job security, health insurance, pension plans, and safe working conditions.
After this stage come the levels of needs that are particular to human beings. The immediately following level are the social needs. Under this category, Maslow puts our requirements for love and affection and a sense of belonging. We need to be loved. We need to belong to a group, not just a family, in which we can share with others a common interest. In Maslow’s view, these needs can be satisfied through the work environment and some informal organizations. Certainly, we also need social relationships beyond the workplace, for example, with family and friends.
Next, the level of esteem needs. What are esteem needs then? They include both the need of self-esteem and the need of esteem of others. Self-esteem is a sense of our own achievements and worth. We need to believe that we are successful, we are no worse, if no better, than others. The esteem of others is the respect and recognition we gain from other people, either through our work or our activities in other social groups. The ways to satisfy esteem needs include personal achievements, promotion to more responsible jobs, various honors and awards, and other forms of recognition.
What follows is the top level of this hierarchy of needs. These are the self-realization needs. In other words, they are the needs to grow and develop as people, the needs to become all that we are capable of being. These are the most difficult needs to satisfy. Whether one can achieve this level or not perhaps determines whether one can be a great man or just an ordinary man. Of course, it depends on different people. The means of satisfying them tend to vary greatly with the individual. For some people, learning a new skill, starting a new career after retirement could quite well satisfy their self-realization needs. Well for other people, it could be becoming "the best there is" in certain areas; it could be becoming the President of the IBM. Anyway, being "great" or ordinary is what others think, while self-realization is largely individual.
Maslow suggested that people work to satisfy their physiological needs first, then their safety needs, and so on up the "needs ladder. " In general, they are motivated by the needs at the lowest level that remain unsatisfied. However, needs at one level do not have to be completely satisfied before needs at the next higher level come into play. If the majority of a person’s physiological and safety needs are satisfied, that person will be motivated primarily by social needs. But any physiological and safety needs that remain unsatisfied will keep playing an important role.
OK, that’s the general picture of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Just to sum up, I’ve briefly introduced to you Maslow’s theory. Maslow thinks there are five kinds of human needs, with each one being more important than the preceding one. I hope that you’ve found his ideas interesting, and in our next lecture we’ll mainly discuss the practical implication of his theory.
选项
答案
overlap/meet/mix/concur/co-exist/interact/combine
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/g9lO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
ForquiteafewyearswehavebeentalkingaboutaddictiontotheInternet.Nowweareputtingtogether【C1】______thosestudents
TheancientChineseboardgameGowasinventedlongbeforetherewasanywritingtorecorditsrules.Agamefromtheimpossibly
Howisurbanizationnegativelyaffectingoursociety?Theanswertothisquestionisnotasimpleone.Urbanism【C1】______,polit
Howisurbanizationnegativelyaffectingoursociety?Theanswertothisquestionisnotasimpleone.Urbanism【C1】______,polit
Goodmorning.Thediscussiontopicfortoday’sseminaris"HomelessnessinAmerica."IntheUnitedStates,homelessnesshas【C1】
Ispenttheusuallongafternoonatworkdoinglittlebutorderingtests,farmorethanIthoughtanypatientneeded,butthat’s
Fromthefirstparagraph,wegettheimpressionthatGeorgeMarshAccordingtoDavidWedin,theextinctionofmanyspeciesare
Peopledonotanalyzeeveryproblemtheymeet.Sometimestheytrytorememberasolutionfromthelasttimetheyhadasimilarp
Ifpolicymakershopetomakefasterprogressinimprovingeconomicperformance,reducingpoverty,andslowing 【M1】______
ThatLouisNevelsonisbelievedbymanycriticstobethegreatesttwentieth-centurysculptorisallthemoreremarkablebecause
随机试题
数据库关闭时,在输入正确的()后,再按回车键。
甲状腺功能亢进症最常见于
A、细菌菌落总数必须≤100cfu/ml,并不得检出致病微生物B、细菌菌落总数必须≤300cfu/ml,并不得检出致病微生物C、细菌菌落总数必须≤1000cfu/ml,并不得检出致病微生物D、细菌菌落总数必须≤2000cfu/ml,并不得检出致病微生
下列关于工程变更的说法中不正确的是()。
某施工单位承接了一座7×30m后张法预应力混凝土简支工梁桥,施工单位严格按照设计文件和相关施工技术规范的要求进行施工,并作了以下主要检验内容:混凝土强度、工梁的宽度和高度、梁长、支座表面平整度以及横系梁及预埋件位置。在质量控制方面,开展了主梁预制和现浇混凝
基金管理公司和托管人因共同行为给基金财产或基金份额持有人造成损害的,要承担赔偿责任。关于赔偿责任,以下表述正确的是()。
隔离开关没有专门的灭弧装置,所以它不能开断负荷或短路电流,其作用是使停电设备与带电部分有明显断点,用于倒换电力系统运行方式。()
改革开放以来,公安机关努力探索坚持群众路线的新经验,主要是()和全面实施社区警务战略。
人们通过整合有关信息及个人经验形成的一种针对特定对象的既定认知模型称为()【江西师范大学2011】
AstheworldexcitedlygreetedSnuppy,thefirstcloned(克隆)dog,commentatorscelebratedourcleverness.Manyfeelproudthatour
最新回复
(
0
)