首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of【T
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of【T
admin
2018-05-24
33
问题
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs,
which can be arranged in order of【T1】______.【T1】______
Physiological needs: the most【T2】______ ones for survival. They【T2】______
include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way
to【T3】______these needs.【T3】______
【T4】______ needs: needs for a)physical security:【T4】______
b)【T5】______ security.【T5】______
The former means no【T6】______, while the latter is concerned with【T6】______
freedom from【T7】______, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met【T7】______
through a variety of means, e.g. job security,【T8】______ plans, and【T8】______
safe working conditions.
Social needs: human requirements for a)【T9】______:【T9】______
b)a sense of belonging.
There are two ways to satisfy these needs: a)formation of relationships
at workplace:
b)formation of relationships
outside workplace.
Esteem needs: a)self-esteem i.e. one’s sense of achievement
b)esteem of others, i.e. others’ respect as a result
of one’s【T10】______.【T10】______
These needs can be fulfilled by【T11】______, etc.【T11】______
Self-realization needs: needs to realize one’s potential. Ways to
realize these needs are individually【T12】______.【T12】______
Features of the hierarchy of needs:
a)Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively
【T13】______needs.【T13】______
b)Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up.
c)【T14】______ for needs comes from the lowest un-met level.【T14】______
d)Different levels of needs may【T15】______ when they come【T15】______
into play.
【T11】
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Good morning, everybody. Today’s lecture is about Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This seems like a psychological topic. Actually, it is something psychological. Abraham Maslow is a psychologist, and he’s especially known for his theory of human needs.
OK, first of all, what is a need? Here, we can simply define it as a personal requirement. Maslow believed that humans are "wanting" beings who seek to fulfill a variety of needs. According to his theory, these needs can be arranged in an order according to their importance. It is this order that has become known as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
In this hierarchy of needs, at the most basic level are physiological needs. Fundamentally, humans are just one species of animal. We need to keep ourselves alive. Physiological needs are what we require for survival. These needs include food and water, shelter, and sleep. At this level, for us humans, Maslow also includes the need for clothing. How are these needs usually satisfied? It is mainly through adequate wages.
Then, what is the next level of needs? At the next level are safety needs, the things we require for physical and emotional security. Physical security is easy to understand. Everybody needs to keep his body safe from injury, illness, etc. Then, what is emotional security? Well, that’s maybe the point in this hierarchy of needs where humans begin to differ from other animals. We are thinking animals. We have worries. What if I lost my job? What if I were struck down by a severe disease? Besides physical security, we need to think we are safe from misfortunes both now and in the foreseeable future. How can these needs be met then? According to Maslow, safety needs may be satisfied through job security, health insurance, pension plans, and safe working conditions.
After this stage come the levels of needs that are particular to human beings. The immediately following levels are the social needs. Under this category, Maslow puts our requirements for love and affection and a sense of belonging. We need to be loved. We need to belong to a group, not just the family, in which we can share with others a common interest. In Maslow’s view, these needs can be satisfied through the work environment and some informal organizations. Certainly, we also need social relationships beyond the workplace, for example, with family and friends.
Next, the level of esteem needs. What are esteem needs then? They include both the need of self-esteem and the need of esteem of others. Self-esteem is a sense of our own achievements and worth. We need to believe that we are successful, we are no worse, if no better, than others. The esteem of others is the respect and recognition we gain from other people, either through work or our activities in other social groups. The ways to satisfy esteem needs include personal achievements.promotion to more responsible jobs, various honors and awards, and other forms of recognition.
What follows is the top level of this hierarchy of needs. These are the self-realization needs. In other words, they are the needs to grow and develop as people, the needs to become all that we are capable of being. They are the most difficult needs to satisfy. Whether one can achieve this level or not perhaps determines whether one can be a great man or just an ordinary man. Of course, it depends on different people. The means of satisfying them tend to vary greatly with the individual. For some people, learning a new skill, starting a new career after retirement could quite well satisfy their self-realization needs. Well for other people, it could be becoming "the best there is" in certain areas: it could be becoming the President of the IBM. Anyway, being "great" or ordinary is what others think, while self-realization is largely individual.
Maslow suggested that people work to satisfy their physiological needs first, then their safety needs, and so on up the "needs ladder." In general, they are motivated by the needs at the lowest level that remain unsatisfied. However, needs at one level do not have to be completely satisfied before needs at the next higher level come into play. If the majority of a person’s physiological and safety needs are satisfied, that person will be motivated primarily by social needs. But any physiological and safety needs that remain unsatisfied will keep playing an important role.
OK, that’s the general picture of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Just to sum up, I’ve briefly introduced to you Maslow’s theory. Maslow thinks there are five kinds of human needs, with each one being more important than the preceding one. I hope that you’ve found his ideas interesting.
选项
答案
achievement,promotion,honours
解析
实现尊重的需要包括个人的成就,升到责任更重大的工作,许多奖励,以及其他的实现形式,原文中列举的项目比较多,空格处可以选几项,答案为achievement,promotion,honours。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/gNoK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
ThePopularityofEnglishI.PresentstatusofEnglishAEnglishasanative/firstlanguageBEnglishasalinguafranca:alang
ThePopularityofEnglishI.PresentstatusofEnglishAEnglishasanative/firstlanguageBEnglishasalinguafranca:alang
ThePopularityofEnglishI.PresentstatusofEnglishAEnglishasanative/firstlanguageBEnglishasalinguafranca:alang
LearningHowtoLearnI.ViewsonlearningA.Learningissomethingsonatural—wedon’teven【T1】______we’redoingit【T1】_____
DifferentTypesofLearningI.ThedefinitionoflearningA.AprocessofpeopleexperiencingrelationshipbetweeneventsB.【T1】
DifferentTypesofLearningI.ThedefinitionoflearningA.AprocessofpeopleexperiencingrelationshipbetweeneventsB.【T1】
DifferentTypesofLearningI.ThedefinitionoflearningA.AprocessofpeopleexperiencingrelationshipbetweeneventsB.【T1】
Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsAbrahamMaslowhasdevelopedafamoustheoryofhumanneeds,whichcanbearrangedinorderof【T
Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsAbrahamMaslowhasdevelopedafamoustheoryofhumanneeds,whichcanbearrangedinorderof【T
Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsAbrahamMaslowhasdevelopedafamoustheoryofhumanneeds,whichcanbearrangedinorderof【T
随机试题
女,40岁,颅内肿瘤,拟全麻下开颅手术。术前准备不妥的是()。
A.肥达反应B.粪便培养C.血培养D.粪便镜检E.胆汁培养
男性,30岁。有糖尿病史。口渴多尿,多食易饥,形体消瘦,大便干燥,舌红苔黄,脉滑实有力。其中医治法是
乙欲购车从事货物运输,甲表示自己有辆货车,想以5万元的价格转让,乙答应购买。某日,甲以拉货为名,让车主丙将车(价值8万元)开到指定地点,然后以邀请丙吃饭为由支开丙。对同行的丁(甲雇来的司机)说:“这就是我的车。”让丁将车开走。次日,乙付款提车,甲付给丁2
发包人与承包人在签订合同时应遵守的原则不包括()。
审计人员审查某公司材料采购业务时,发现一笔业务的处理如下:从外地购入钢材60000公斤,价款240000元,运杂费6000元。财会部门将买价计入钢材成本,运杂费计入管理费用。钢材入库后仓库转来入库验收单,发现钢材短缺50公斤,查明属于运输途中的定额内损耗。
《教师资格条例》规定:被撤销教师资格的,自撤销之日起在一定期限内不得重新申请认定教师资格,这个期限是()。
依法纳税是公民的义务,按规定,全月工资薪金所得不超过800元的部分不必纳税,超过800元的部分,按下列分段累进计算税款,某人5月份应交纳此项税款26.78元,则他的当月工资薪金所得介于()。
邓小平理论形成的客观条件是()。
A、Thequalityofgoodsandserviceshasimproved.B、Mostpeoplearereducingtheirconsumption.C、Complaintchannelsaretoolim
最新回复
(
0
)