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  3. In cities across the United States and around the world, millions of people have been protesting to demand alternatives to polic

In cities across the United States and around the world, millions of people have been protesting to demand alternatives to polic

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问题     In cities across the United States and around the world, millions of people have been protesting to demand alternatives to policing. In Oakland, California, violence intervention programs in past years have shown there are other ways to address violence in communities than sending in armed police, ways that can help save lives and create more equitable treatment of people.
    It is a world we have an opportunity to create now. Today, the US is talking seriously about investing in alternative public safety strategies that decrease the impact of law enforcement in our communities. Many communities are questioning the outsized role of law enforcement; addressing social challenges, like mental health and homelessness; or the need for taking action against those involved in non-criminal or non-serious activities, like sleeping in a car; or using lethal force in nonviolent situations or like using a possibly counterfeit  $20 bill.
    This is essential. However, communities can go even further. Law enforcement’s role in addressing violence, or possible acts of violence, must also be reimagined. Violence is a public health issue that requires health-based, community driven solutions. Investments in careful, timely interventions by trained community members such as Joseph increase safety, decrease violence and therefore the need for incarceration, while also mitigating the need for police involvement.
    Surprisingly, violence is the only health epidemic that is not managed by the health sector. And yet there are evidence-based health approaches to reducing violence that do not involve enforcement as the first line of response.
    Cure Violence is a comprehensive, community-based model that treats violence as a contagious health epidemic and uses health workers such as violence interrupters to stop shootings, change behaviors, and change norms. Over the last 20 years, Cure Violence has been applying this approach in dozens of cities across the US as well as Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East. In many of the US’ most violence-ridden cities, these models have been effective. Cure Violence has shown to consistently reduce violence by 40% to 70%: the south Bronx in New York City saw a 63% reduction, the Rogers Park neighborhood in Chicago saw a 73% decline, and the Cherry Hill community in Baltimore had a 54% decrease.
    Hospital-based violence intervention programs, or HVIPs, address another aspect of the cycle of violence; those who have become victims and are at risk of being re-victimized. Without intervention, as many as one in five survivors of gun violence die of another gunshot wound within five years. As part of these programs, interventionists who are from the community provide long-term resources to help prevent reinjury by counseling traumatized victims as they recover and helping them address a variety of issues, including education, poverty, housing, medical care and family relationships. In other words, these programs address the social determinants of health.
    A study in Chicago on the HVIP model found that victims of violence were less likely to become a victim again after participating in a six-month hospital-based program. In Baltimore, they cut their reinjury rate from 36% to 5%. Other hospital-based programs in several cities including Baltimore, Milwaukee and San Francisco have shown similar results.
    Both Cure Violence and HVIP models intervene at key points to break the cycle and prevent further spread of violence. The work is carried out by local community members because local community members are the most credible and trusted messengers. These health approaches have also been repeatedly shown to be cost-effective, saving money as well as lives.
    It’s time for us to invest in a new vision, one that brings long-term peace and safety. We envision a world in which every city has enough people at work preventing violence, where resources and investment transform violence, repair inequities, and provide the conditions for all neighborhoods, especially those in communities of color to heal, thrive without fear, and live with hope.
What’s the author’s attitude towards Cure Violence and HVIP?
选项 A、Satisfaction.
B、Skepticism.
C、Objectiveness.
D、Sympathy.
答案A
解析 观点态度题。根据题干关键词Cure Violence and HVIP提示可定位于第八段。
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