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  3. The only popular thought about beauty today, the one that has the widest currency in the world, is the idea that beauty lies in

The only popular thought about beauty today, the one that has the widest currency in the world, is the idea that beauty lies in

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问题     The only popular thought about beauty today, the one that has the widest currency in the world, is the idea that beauty lies in the eye of the beholder. It seeks to make peace between people who have
    very different tastes.【B11】_____________________Yet the success of this generous approach keeps attention away from deeper, more important aspects.
    In 1795, the German dramatist and poet Friedrich Schiller published a book On the Aesthetic Education of Man in a Series of Letters. It contains some of the most useful insights into the nature and value of beauty. Schiller’s starting point is an analysis of the human condition. He wants to understand our delight in what we find beautiful. Instead of asking which things are beautiful, Schiller is curious about what is going on in us when we respond with this distinctive, intimate thrill and enthusiasm that leads us to say "that’s beautiful".
    Schiller thinks of human nature as an arena in which two powerful psychological drives are at work. On the one hand, there is the "sense" drive which lives in the moment and seeks immediate gratification.【B12】_______________Schiller associated the sense drive with his friend Johann Wolfgang von Goethe who longed to see things with his own eyes.
    The second drive identified by Schiller was the "form" drive: the inner demand for coherence over
    time, for abstract understanding and rational order.【B13】__________________When we think that a person is entitled to a fair trial, we are motivated, Schiller says, by the rational "form" drive. We are loyal to the abstract, general ideal of due process.
    What he’s calling the sense drive and the form drive are powerful impulses in us. But they are often in conflict.【B14】_______________
    Schiller’s point is that human nature is fired by two divergent kinds of longing: we can’t hope to see why beauty matters to us unless we pay attention to them both.
    It might look as though Schiller is trying to resuscitate an old religious theme, the struggle between the flesh and the spirit. But there is a crucial difference. Thinkers ranging from St Paul to Immanuel Kant have all believed that one of these aspects of our nature—which they usually call the spiritual or rational—should triumph. But Schiller does not believe that one side is more important than the other. Rather, the two sides are in need of each other.【B15】____________
    [A]   It craves contact and possession and can be coarse, as when one yearns to swig great draughts of beer; but it can also be elevated.
    [B]   The demands of the short term are at odds with the hopes of the longer view; comfort and ease struggle against a sense of duty and responsibility; and the allure of freedom clashes with the longing to be steadfast and rooted in existing commitments.
    [C]  People are delighted by wildly variant things and that’s how it should be, the thinking goes—so don’t get worked up trying to figure out which things are beautiful.
    [D]   If the sense drive dominates, we become brutish and superficial. If the form drive is too dominant, we become dry and callous. We need the two to interact harmoniously in order to see the role that beauty can play in our lives.
    [E]   At the same time, the form drive is also at work in artistic creations, for example, the statue of Apollo. We respond to the artistic structure to it, its proportion and unity.
    [F]  This drive, thought Schiller, seeks to leave behind the peculiarities of one’s own experience and dis-cover universal principles. It is at the heart of justice—which is not about getting what you want for yourself—and is animated by principle.
    [G]  However, both drives do not work against one another. Instead, they co-operate, and Schiller’s point is that to experience artwork in a dual way with the two drives at work is to find it beautiful.
【B13】
选项
答案F
解析 空格前介绍席勒提出的第二种驱动力——形式驱动力，它是一种对持久的连贯性、抽象的理解以及理性的秩序的内在需求。空格后指出当我们有“一个人有权得到公正的审判”这种想法时，正是形式驱动力在起作用。空格前后讨论的主要对象都是形式驱动力，空格处应该还是与形式驱动力有关的内容。根据F对This drive的描述可知，这种驱动力追求的是理性(如探寻普遍规则、讲求原则)，而非感官方面的满足(如对个人体验独特性以及自己想得到什么的关注)，与空格前关于形式驱动力的描述较为吻合。其中，discover universal principles对应空格前的abstract understanding，而the heart of justice和principle则对应rational order。故确定本题选F。
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