2. 外语
  3. People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imag

People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imag

admin2015-01-09  81
问题     People appear to be born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth. Not long after learning to walk and talk,they can set the table with impressive accuracy-one plate,one knife,one spoon,one fork,for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of noting that they have placed five knives,spoons,and forks on the table and,a bit later,that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition,they move on to subtraction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later,he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.
    Of course,the truth is not so simple. This century,the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Children were observed as they slowly grasped-or.as the case might be bumped into-the concepts that adults take for granted,as they refused, for instance,to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one. Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children,asked to count the pencils in a pile,readily report the number of blue or red pencils,but must be coaxed into finding the total. Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually,and with effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers-the idea of a oneness,a twoness.a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematically demand ing than setting a table-is itself far from innate.
The author implies that most small children believe that the quantity of water changes when it is transferred to a container of a different_____.
选项 A、color
B、quality
C、weight
D、shape
答案D
解析 题目考查孩子对体积、重量的认识。第二段第三句“Children were observed as they slowly graspedor，as the case might be bumped into—the concepts that adults take for granted，as they refused，for instance，to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thinone．”通过这段话可知，虽然孩子们已经具备了简单的运算能力，但是，对于体积、重量之间的一些联系，他们仍然感到疑惑。据此判断，应选择D。
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