首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Alfred Nobel The man behind the
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Alfred Nobel The man behind the
admin
2015-05-04
108
问题
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
Alfred Nobel
The man behind the Nobel Prize
Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been honoring men and women from all corners of the globe for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and for work in peace. The foundations for the prize were laid in 1895 when Alfred Nobel wrote his last will, leaving much of his wealth to the establishment of the Nobel Prize.
Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm on October 21,1833. His father Immanuel Nobel was an engineer and inventor who built bridges and buildings in Stockholm. In connection with his construction work Immanuel Nobel also experimented with different techniques for blasting rocks. Successful in his industrial and business ventures, Immanuel Nobel was able, in 1842, to bring his family to St. Petersburg. There, his sons were given a first class education by private teachers. The training included natural sciences, languages and literature. By the age of 17 Alfred Nobel was fluent in Swedish, Russian, French, English and German. His primary interests were in English literature and poetry as well as in chemistry and physics. Alfred’s father, who wanted his sons to join his enterprise as engineers, disliked Alfred’s interest in poetry and found his son rather introverted.
In order to widen Alfred’s horizons his father sent him abroad for further training in chemical engineering. During a two year period Alfred Nobel visited Sweden, Germany, France and the United States. In Paris, the city he came to like best, he worked in the private laboratory of Professor T J. Pelouze, a famous chemist. There he met the young Italian chemist Ascanio Sobrero who, three years earlier, had invented nitroglycerine, a highly explosive liquid. But it was considered too dangerous to be of any practical use. Although its explosive power greatly exceeded that of gunpowder, the liquid would explode in a very unpredictable manner if subjected to heat and pressure. Alfred Nobel became very interested in nitroglycerine and how it could be put to practical use in construction work. He also realized that the safety problems had to be solved and a method had to be developed for the controlled detonation of nitroglycerine.
After his return to Sweden in 1863, Alfred Nobel concentrated on developing nitroglycerine as an explosive. Several explosions, including one(1864)in which his brother Emil and several other persons were killed, convinced the authorities that nitroglycerine production was exceedingly dangerous. They forbade further experimentation with nitroglycerine within the Stockholm city limits and Alfred Nobel had to move his experimentation to a barge anchored on Lake Malaren. Alfred was not discouraged and in 1864 he was able to start mass production of nitroglycerine. To make the handling of nitroglycerine safer Alfred Nobel experimented with different additives. He soon found that mixing nitroglycerine with kieselguhr would turn the liquid into a paste which could be shaped into rods of a size and form suitable for insertion into drilling holes. In 1867 he patented this material under the name of dynamite. To be able to detonate the dynamite rods he also invented a detonator(blasting cap)which could be ignited by lighting a fuse. These inventions were made at the same time as the pneumatic drill came into general use. Together these inventions drastically reduced the cost of blasting rock, drilling tunnels, building canals and many other forms of construction work.
The market for dynamite and detonating caps grew very rapidly and Alfred Nobel also proved himself to be a very skillful entrepreneur and businessman. Over the years he founded factories and laboratories in some 90 different places in more than 20 countries. Although he lived in Paris much of his life he was constantly traveling. When he was not traveling or engaging in business activities Nobel himself worked intensively in his various laboratories, first in Stockholm and later in other places. He focused on the development of explosives technology as well as other chemical inventions, including such materials as synthetic rubber and leather, artificial silk, etc. By the time of his death in 1896 he had 355 patents.
Intensive work and travel did not leave much time for a private life. At the age of 43 he was feeling like an old man. At this time he advertised in a newspaper "Wealthy, highly-educated elderly gentle-man seeks lady of mature age, versed in languages, as secretary and supervisor of household." The most qualified applicant turned out to be an Austrian woman, Countess Bertha Kinsky. After working a very short time for Nobel she decided to return to Austria to marry Count Arthur von Suttner. In spite of this Alfred Nobel and Bertha von Suttner remained friends and kept writing letters to each other for decades. Over the years Bertha von Suttner became increasingly critical of the arms race. She wrote a famous book, Lay Down Your Arms and became a prominent figure in the peace movement. No doubt this influenced Alfred Nobel when he wrote his final will which was to include a Prize for persons or organizations who promoted peace. Several years after the death of Alfred Nobel, the Norwegian Storting(Parliament)decided to award the 1905 Nobel Peace Prize to Bertha von Suttner.
Alfred Nobel died in San Remo, Italy, on December 10, 1896. When his will was opened it came as a surprise that his fortune was to be used for Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace. The executors of his will were two young engineers, Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist. They set about forming the Nobel Foundation as an organization to take care of the financial assets left by Nobel for this purpose and to coordinate the work of the Prize-Awarding Institutions. This was not without its difficulties since the will was contested by relatives and questioned by authorities in various countries.
Alfred Nobel’s greatness lay in his ability to combine the penetrating mind of the scientist and inventor with the forward-looking dynamism of the industrialist. Nobel was very interested in social and peace-related issues and held what were considered radical views in his era. He had a great interest in literature and wrote his own poetry and dramatic works. The Nobel Prizes became an extension and a fulfillment of his lifetime interests.
Questions 1-6
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
The Nobel Foundation was established after the death of Nobel
选项
A、真
B、假
C、Not Given
答案
A
解析
利用细节信息“Nobel Foundation”和“the death of Nobel”定位于原文倒数第二段信息,这里明显提及诺贝尔死于1896年,当遗嘱打开时,人们都为其内容感到吃惊,遗嘱要求将他的所有遗产应用于奖励诸多领域的杰出人物,然后他的遗嘱执行人设立了“Nobel Foundation”。题目信息与原文信息为同意表达,所以答案为True。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/h0NO777K
本试题收录于:
雅思阅读题库雅思(IELTS)分类
0
雅思阅读
雅思(IELTS)
相关试题推荐
Althoughhumanshavemuchbiggerbrainsrelativetobodyweightthandootherprimates,thetotalrestingenergyrequire
African-Americanfilmmakersshouldbeinanenviableposition,forsincetheearly1990stherehasbeenasteadywaveof
Onereasonwhyasheep,alesswell-understoodexperimentalsubjectthanthelaboratorymouse,shouldhaveprovedeasier
AccordingtoAristotle,thesubjectsoftragicdramawererightlydrawnfromancientmythology,asourceconsideredinvar
PRODIGIOUS:PERSON::
Relativismamountstothedenialofanobjectiveworldaboutwhichtrueandfalsestatementscanbemade;thereisnoabs
Relativismamountstothedenialofanobjectiveworldaboutwhichtrueandfalsestatementscanbemade;thereisnoabs
WhetherthelanguagesoftheancientAmericanpeopleswereusedforexpressingabstractuniversalconceptscanbeclearlyanswer
Unlikethewildturkey,whichcansuccessfullyflyforshortdistances,thedomesticatedturkeyiscompletely______flight.
Abird’splumage,whilecontributingtostructuralintegrityandparticipatinginaeriallocomotion,completelyobscuresabird’
随机试题
【背景资料】A公司承接了某城镇道路工程,该道路全长1.6km。路面面层结构设计采用沥青混凝土,其中上面层为厚40mmSMA-13,中面层为厚60mmAC-20,下面层为厚80mmAC-25。施工前,A公司施工人员根据工程地质勘察报告,对
甲签发汇票一张给乙,乙将该票据背书转让给丙,且乙在背书转让前为表示免除甲的债务而在票据上作“免除甲票据责任"的记载,则下列对本案中甲、乙、丙之间的票据关系述正确的为()
依据我国法律的有关规定,定金的数额可以由当事人约定,但约定的数额不得()
仔猪,2月龄、突然出现血液从一侧鼻孔呈鲜红色、点滴状流出,该出血来源于
甲将《孙子兵法》的古文予以整理注释后出版,乙经甲同意将其译成法文。下列选项中正确的有()。
《水运工程混凝土质量控制标准》规定:海水环境下南方水位变动区钢筋混凝土最小保护层厚度为()。(注:箍筋直径为6mm时主钢筋的保护层厚度)
下列符合法定的承包人请求解除建设工程施工合同的条件是()。
对通货膨胀的衡量可以通过()上涨幅度的衡量来进行。
试述西欧中世纪早期教育的基本特点及其产生的原因。
已知α=[1,3,2]T,β=[1,一1,一2]T,A=E一αT,则A的最大特征值为__________.
最新回复
(
0
)