首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In the preceding chapter, economic welfare was taken broadly to consist of that group of satisfactions and dissatisfactions whic
In the preceding chapter, economic welfare was taken broadly to consist of that group of satisfactions and dissatisfactions whic
admin
2013-01-28
57
问题
In the preceding chapter, economic welfare was taken broadly to consist of that group of satisfactions and dissatisfactions which can be brought into relation with a money measure. We have now to observe that this relation is not a direct one, but is mediated through desires and aversions. That is to say, the money that a person is prepared to offer for a thing measures directly, not the satisfaction he will get from the thing, but the intensity of his desire for it. This distinction, obvious when stated, has been somewhat obscured for English-speaking students by the employment of the term utility——which naturally carries an association with satisfaction——to represent intensity of desire. Thus, when one thing is desired by a person more keenly than another, it is said to possess a greater utility to that person. Several writers have endeavored to get rid of the confusion which this use of words generates by substituting "utility," in the above sense for some other term, such as "desirability". The term "desiredness" seems, however, to be preferable, because, since it cannot be taken to have any ethical implication, it is less ambiguous. I shall myself employ that term.
Generally speaking, everybody prefers present pleasures or satisfactions of given magnitude to future pleasures or satisfactions of equal magnitude, even when the latter are perfectly certain to occur. But this preference for present pleasures does not——the idea is serf-contradictory——imply that a present pleasure of given magnitude is any greater than a future pleasure of the same magnitude. It implies only that our telescopic faculty is defective, and that we, therefore, see future pleasures, as it were, on a diminished scale. That this is the right explanation is proved by the fact that exactly the same diminution is experienced when, apart from our tendency to forget ungratifying incidents, we contemplate the past.
Our analysis also suggests that economic welfare could be increased by some rightly chosen degree of differentiation in favor of saving. Nobody, of course, holds that the State should force its citizens to act as though so much objective wealth now and in the future were of exactly equal importance. In view of the uncertainty of productive developments, to say nothing of the mortality of nations and eventually of the human race itself, this would not, even in the extremest theory, be sound policy. But there is wide agreement that the State should protect the interests of the future in some degree against the effects of our irrational discounting and of our preference for ourselves over our descendants. The whole movement for "conservation" in the United States is based on this conviction.
It is the clear duty of Government, which is the trustee for unborn generations as well as for its pre sent citizens, to watch over, and, if need be, by legislative enactment, to defend, the exhaustible natural resources of the country from rash and reckless spoliation.
Plainly, ff we assume adequate competence on the part of governments, there is a valid case for some artificial encouragement to investment, particularly to investments the return from which will only begin to appear after the lapse of many years. It must, however, be remembered that, so long as people are left free to decide for themselves how much work they will do, interference, by fiscal or any other means, with the way they employ the resources that their work yields to them may react to diminish the aggregate amount of this work and so of those resources.
In the third paragraph, which of the following is closer to the truth?
选项
A、The author rejects the idea the aid distributed by the government should benefit the less fortunate individuals.
B、Any given government is answerable for preserving and protecting the economic interests of new generations.
C、Mankind is intrinsically doomed and will be extinct in the near future regardless of the actions taken by any government.
D、People have opposing views over state intervention in the field of socio-economic policy.
答案
B
解析
从这一段的“But there is wide agreement that the State should protect the interests of the future in some degree against the effects of our irrational...”可以看出作者是认为政府应为保存和保护未来一代的利益负责的,而不能只采取短期政策。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/hR1O777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Thirty-onemillionAmericansareover60yearsofage,andtwenty-ninemillionofthemarehealthy,busy,productivecitizens.B
Inrecentyears,manyAmericansofbothsexesandvariousageshavebecomeinterestedinimprovingtheirbodies.Theyhavebecom
Theprocessofrespirationconsistsoftwoindependentactions:inhalingandexhaling.
BackinSeattle,aroundthecornerfromtheDiscoveryInstitute,StephenMeyerofferssomepeer-reviewedevidencethattheretruly
Frenchareelegantpeople.Theyareartistsineverydaylife,havingaverygoodtasteineverything.Theydon’tlikeAmericant
Frenchareelegantpeople.Theyareartistsineverydaylife,havingaverygoodtasteineverything.Theydon’tlikeAmericant
TheCommercialRevolutionwasnotconfined,ofcourse,tothegrowthoftradeandbanking.Includedinitalsowerefundamental
Proponentsofcreatinglargeprivatesectorsasquicklyaspossibleintransitioneconomiesofferbothpoliticalandeconomicar
Proponentsofcreatinglargeprivatesectorsasquicklyaspossibleintransitioneconomiesofferbothpoliticalandeconomicar
Bythe1980s,accordingtointernationalbutadmittedlyinconsistentdefinitionsofliteracy,aboutsevenoutoftenadultsint
随机试题
下列人物出自汤显祖的《牡丹亭》的有()
曹操的《短歌行》(其一)是一首()
铜蓝蛋白的主要功用是结合珠蛋白主要功用是
商流的功能可以概括为()。
石墨烯具有薄且坚硬、透光度好、导热性强、导电率高、结构稳定、电子迁移速度快等特性,石墨烯分为多种,其中性能最优异的是()。
在人脑中重现过去所感知过的事物的形象叫()
(2015年第9题)近代中国一些爱国人士提出过工业救国、教育救国、科学救国等主张,并为此进行过努力,但这些主张并不能从根本上给濒临危亡的中国指明正确的出路,这是因为他们没有认识到
求极限=________.
当x→0+时,下列无穷小量中,与x同阶的无穷小是()。
WhatdoestheManMean?
最新回复
(
0
)