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  3. Today we launch UNICEF’s annual flagship report: "The State of the World’s Children 2009", which this year focuses on maternal a

Today we launch UNICEF’s annual flagship report: "The State of the World’s Children 2009", which this year focuses on maternal a

admin2010-01-20  77
问题     Today we launch UNICEF’s annual flagship report: "The State of the World’s Children 2009", which this year focuses on maternal and newborn health. The report shows that more must be done to addressmaternal and newborn health to help save and improve the lives of millions of children and their families.[TONE]∥[TONE]
    Every year, more than 500,000 women die as a result of pregnancy or childbirth complications. Around 70,000 of these deaths are among girls and young women 15 to 19. This is not only a tragic personal loss forthe family, but it also leaves a long-term impact on the health and well-being of children and the developmentof communities and countries. Around 99 per cent of maternal deaths take place in the developing worldwhere having a child remains among the most serious health risks for women. Twenty one per cent ofmaternal deaths take place in just three countries: the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia and Nigeria.[TONE]∥[TONE]
    In Niger, the country with the highest lifetime risk of maternal mortality, 1 in 7 women will die fromcomplications related to pregnancy or giving birth. The comparable risk in the developed world is 1 in 8,000.Since 1990, complications related to pregnancy and childbirth have taken the lives of an estimated 10 millionwomen. That is equal to around 20 per cent of the total population of South Africa. In addition, every year,some 4 million newborns die within the first 28 days of life from largely preventable causes. That is about40 per cent of all under-five deaths every year. The burden is disproportionately heavy in Africa and Asia.Ninety five per cent of maternal deaths occur in Africa and Asia combined and 90 per cent of newborn deathsoccur in Africa and Asia. [TONE]∥[TONE]
    The good news is that between 1995 and 2005 skilled birth attendant coverage increased from 54 percent to 62 per cent in the developing world. During the same period ante-natal care rose from 60 percent to75 per cent. Yet around 50 million births in the developing world or about 40 per cent of all births remainwithout skilled health personnel. [TONE]∥[TONE]
    And girls must go to school. Women who are educated are more likely to be healthy and to give birth to healthy babies who will survive and grow into adulthood. Educating girls and young women is one ofthe most powerful ways of breaking a vicious cycle of poverty and creating a Supportive environment formaternal and newborn health. [TONE]∥[TONE]
    At the household level, awareness needs to be increased about the importance of recognizing danger signs and ensuring that care for the woman or infant is sought right away. Changes must also be made at thecommunity level to address issues such as infrastructure and financial resources to ensure access to healthcare. And finally, health workers must be available, trained, and have the appropriate equipment. [TONE]//[TONE]
    Progress has been made in reducing child mortality but much more must be done especially inaddressing maternal and newborn health. The world must approach this task with a shared sense ofurgency and a collaborative response. Results will be measured in lives saved and lives improved. Thankyou. [TONE]∥[TONE]  
选项
答案 今天，我们在此发布联合国儿童基金会的年度旗舰报告《2009年世界儿童状况》，今年的报告主要关注孕妇与新生儿健康。报告显示，在孕妇与新生儿健康方面我们必须要做更多，以挽救新生儿的生命，并改善无数儿童与其家庭的生活。 每年，有超过50万名女性死于怀孕或分娩并发症，其中大约7万人是15到19岁的女孩和年轻女性。这不仅对于家庭来说是痛苦的损失，还对孩子的健康成长和社会与国家的发展造成长期的影响。99%左右的孕妇死亡发生在不发达国家，在这些国家，生孩子是对女性最严重的健康威胁之一。全世界孕妇死亡的21％发生在刚果民主共和国、埃塞俄比亚和尼尔利亚这三个国家。 在孕妇死亡危险率最高的尼日尔，每7名女性中会有1名死于怀孕或分娩引起的并发症，而在发达国家，每8,000名女性中才会有1名因此死亡。1990年以来，怀孕或分娩引起的并发症已夺走了约1千万女性的生命，这大约相当于南非总人口的20%。另外，每年有约400万新生儿在出生后的28天内死亡，而大多数死亡是可以避免的。这一数字大约是每年5岁以下死亡儿童人数的40％。孕妇和新生儿死亡分布极不均匀，多集中在非洲和亚洲。95%的孕妇死亡和90%的新生儿死亡都发生在非洲和亚洲。 令我们欣慰的是，1995年到2005年，发展中国家中熟练的分娩护理人员人数从54％增加到了62％；同时，选择孕期看护的人数从60%增加到了75%。但是，发展中国家中约5千万人，或者说全世界约40%的分娩仍在没有专业卫生护理人员的条件下进行。 女孩必须上学。受过教育的女性更有可能身体健康，更有可能生出健康的孩子，孩子也会存活长大。要打破贫穷恶性循环，创造一个利于孕妇和新生儿健康的环境，让女孩和年轻女性接受教育是最有力的方法之一。 在家庭层面，要增强对识别危险迹象的重要性的认识，保证女性或婴儿能够很快得到照料。社区也要不断改善，解决基础设施和财政资源等问题，确保人们能够得到健康护理。最后，还必须要有接受过培训的医疗工作者和必要的设备。 我们在减少儿童死亡率方面已取得了一些进步，但是还应做得更多，尤其是在针对孕妇与新生儿健康方面。全世界必须有共同的紧追感、协调行动，来完成这一任务。无数生命会因此得到挽救和改善。谢谢大家。
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