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  3. In the view of the primatologist Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, the extraordinary social skills are at the heart of what makes us humans. T

In the view of the primatologist Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, the extraordinary social skills are at the heart of what makes us humans. T

admin2019-08-27  50
问题    In the view of the primatologist Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, the extraordinary social skills are at the heart of what makes us humans. Through its ability to secure the attentive care not just of its mother but of many others, a baby promotes many of the behaviors and emotions that we prize in ourselves and that often distinguish us from other animals, including a willingness to share, to cooperate with strangers, to relax one’s guard.
   As Dr. Hrdy argues in her latest book Mothers and Others: The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual Understanding, human babies are so dependent on their elders for such a long time that humanity would never have made it without a break from the great ape model of child-rearing. Chimpanzee and gorilla mothers are capable of rearing offspring pretty much through their own powers, but human mothers are not.
   Our capacity to cooperate in groups, to empathize with others and to wonder what others are thinking and feeling—all these traits, Dr. Hrdy argues, probably arose in response to the selective pressures of being in a cooperatively breeding social group, and the need to trust and rely on others and be deemed trustworthy and reliable in turn. Dr. Hrdy points out that mother chimpanzees and gorillas jealously hold on to their infants for the first six months or more of life. Other females may express real interest in the newborn, but the mother does not let go. By contrast, human mothers in virtually every culture studied allow others to hold their babies from birth onward, to a greater or lesser extent depending on tradition.
   Dr. Hrdy wrote her book in part to counter what she sees as the reigning dogma among evolutionary scholars that humans evolved their extreme sociality and cooperative behavior to better compete with other humans. "I’m not comfortable accepting this idea that the origins of hypersociality can be found in warfare, or that in-group amity arose in the interest of out-group enmity, " she said in a telephone interview.
What can we learn from Dr. Hrdy’s latest book?
选项 A、Gorilla mothers are more capable of child-rearing than human mothers.
B、Gorilla mothers have to gather to rear their babies.
C、The great ape model of child-rearing should be learned by humans.
D、Human babies are more dependent on elders than gorilla offspring.
答案D
解析 根据第二段中的“…human babies are so dependent on their elders for such a long time that humanity would never have made it without a break from the great ape model of child-rearing．Chimpanzee and gorilla mothers are capable of rearing offspring pretty much through their own powers，but human mothers are not．”可知，人类的婴儿如此长时间都要依赖他们的长辈，以至于人类如果不从类人猿养育后代的模式中脱离出来是行不通的。黑猩猩和大猩猩的母亲能够依靠自己的力量养育后代，但人类的母亲则不行。据此可知，人类的婴儿比大猩猩的后代更依赖长辈。D项正确。
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