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  3. The Brain Most Active Dering Sleep For many years, people believed that the brain, like the body, rested during sleep. After

The Brain Most Active Dering Sleep For many years, people believed that the brain, like the body, rested during sleep. After

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问题                     The Brain Most Active Dering Sleep
    For many years, people believed that the brain, like the body, rested during sleep. After all, we are rendered unconscious by sleep. Perhaps, it was thought, the brain just needs to stop thinking for a few hours every day. Wrong. During sleep, our brain—the organ that directs us to sleep—is itself extraordinarily active. And much of that activity helps the brain to learn, to remember and to make connections.
    It wasn’t so long ago that the regretful joke in research circles was that everyone knew sleep had something to do with memory except for the people who study sleep and the people who study memory. Then, in 1994, Israeli researchers reported that the average performance for a group of people on a memory test improved when the test was repeated after a break of many hours during which some subjects slept and others did not. In 2000, a Harvard team demonstrated that this improvement occurred only during sleep.
    There are several different types of memory—including declarative (fact-based information) , episodic (events from your life) and procedural (how to do something)—and researchers have designed ways to test each of them. In almost every case, whether the test involves remembering pairs of words, tapping numbered keys in a certain order or figuring out the rules in a weather-prediction game, "sleeping on it" after first learning the task improves performance. It’s as if our brains squeeze in some extra practice time while we’re asleep.
    This isn’t to say that we can’t form memories when we’re awake. If someone tells you his name, you don’t need to fall asleep to remember it. But sleep will make it more likely that you do. Sleep-deprivation experiments have shown that a tired brain has a difficult time capturing memories of all sorts. Interestingly, sleep deprivation is more likely to cause us to forget information associated with positive emotion than information linked to negative emotion. This could explain, at least in part, why sleep deprivation can trigger depression in some people: memories stained with negative emotions are more likely than positive ones to "stick" in the sleep-deprived brain.
    Sleep also seems to be the time when the brain’s two memory systems—the hippocampus and the neocortex— "talk" with one other. Experiences that become memories are laid down first in the hippocampus, eliminating whatever is underneath. If a memory is to be retained, it must be shipped from the hippocampus to a place where it will endure the neocortex, the wrinkled outer layer of the brain where higher thinking takes place. Unlike the hippocampus, the neocortex is a master at weaving the old with the new. And partly because it keeps incoming information at bay, sleep is the best time for the "undistracted" hippocampus to shuttle memories to the neocortex, and for the neocortex to link them to related memories.
What can researchers do to test different memory types?
选项 A、They can test all memory types at the same time.
B、They can only test a certain type of memory.
C、They can test each type of memory in different ways.
D、They can reach different conclusions with different methods.
答案C
解析 事实细节题。由题干的memory types定位到第三段。本段第一句指出：有不同的记忆类型，研究人员已经设计了不同的途径来对每种记忆类型进行测试，[C]与之相符，故正确，而[B]与之不符，排除。后面说不管测试内容涉及到什么，几乎在每种情况下推迟记忆都会改善记忆质量，但这并不意味着研究人员可以同时对所有的记忆类型进行测试，故可分别排除[A]和[D]。
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