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  3. Encouragement and praise can come in many forms, and some ways are better for child development than others. Researchers at the

Encouragement and praise can come in many forms, and some ways are better for child development than others. Researchers at the

admin2023-01-30  9
问题     Encouragement and praise can come in many forms, and some ways are better for child development than others. Researchers at the University of Chicago and Stanford University who studied mother-child interactions over the course of several years found that the type of praise children receive affects their attitudes toward challenges later in life.
    Specifically, praise that came with feedback about their behavior and the choices that toddlers made helped them to cope better with difficult experiences five years later, compared with compliments that focused more on the child himself, like "You’re a good boy." The study, which appears in the journal Child Development, is the first major study of praise and childhood development done outside of a lab setting.
    "This is something we suspected would be the case based on a lot of experimental research, and it’s exciting to see it play out in the real world," says Elizabeth Gunderson, an assistant professor of psychology at Temple University, "Praising the efforts and actions of the kid is going to be more beneficial in their long-term persistence and desire to be challenged and work hard in the future."
    Such "process praise" includes comments such as "You worked really hard", which emphasize the child’s actions. "Person praise" includes comments like "You’re smart", which focus on a child’s inherent qualities. These distinctions aren’t new in the field of psychology, but exactly how they affect children’s development hasn’t always been clear.
    As part of the study, researchers visited the homes of more than 50 toddlers between the ages of 1 and 3 years old, and filmed their daily interactions with their parents during multiple 90-minute sessions. Five years later, the researchers followed up with the families, measuring the children’s attitudes toward challenges and problem solving. The children who grew up with more process praise were more open to challenge, and were able to identify more ways of overcoming difficult problems. They were also more likely to say they could improve intelligence with hard work. While person praise didn’t seem to have any negative effect on the children, the study suggests that process praise teaches children that their talents and abilities can be developed, while person praise sends the message that their abilities are fixed and not easily altered.

What can we learn from the first paragraph?
选项 A、Encouragement and praise have good effects on children.
B、Different kinds of praise have different effects on children.
C、Researchers have different attitudes toward children’s development.
D、Researchers encourage more mother-child interactions.
答案B
解析 由题干定位到第一段。细节辨认题。由定位段可知，其中一些鼓励和表扬的方法比其他的更有利于儿童的发展。研究发现，儿童受到的表扬方式影响着他们对今后生活中挑战的态度，故B)为答案。
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