2. 外语
  3. A. interaction B. experienced C. reflect D. response E. undertaken F. affect G. although H. frustration I. subject J. sufficient

A. interaction B. experienced C. reflect D. response E. undertaken F. affect G. although H. frustration I. subject J. sufficient

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问题 A. interaction B. experienced C. reflect D. response E. undertaken
F. affect G. although H. frustration I. subject J. sufficiently
K. cooperation L. centering M. reference N. disadvantaged O. immune
   Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories【C1】______ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not【C2】______ penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through【C3】______ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in【C4】______to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, or as a rejection of middle-class values.
   Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from【C5】______ families, ignoring the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are【C6】______ to criticism.
   Changes in the social structure may indirectly【C7】______ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in turn lead more youths into criminal behavior.
   Families have also【C8】______ changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents consequently, children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family structure. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other identifiable causes of offensive acts include【C9】______ or failure in school, the increased availability of drugs and alcohol, and the growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,【C10】______ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
【C5】
选项
答案N
解析 空格前为介词from，其后为名词family，推断此处填入修饰family的名词、分词或形容词。前面说大多数有关青少年犯罪的理论只关注来自……家庭的孩子；后文提到的事实是：来自富有家庭的孩子也会犯罪。由此推断出空格处所说的family与后面的wealthy homes形成对比。disadvantaged“处于弱势地位的；贫困的”符合语义。
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专业英语四级

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