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  3. (46)The classic difficulty felt with democracy arises from the fact that democracy can never express the will of the whole peopl

(46)The classic difficulty felt with democracy arises from the fact that democracy can never express the will of the whole peopl

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问题     (46)The classic difficulty felt with democracy arises from the fact that democracy can never express the will of the whole people because there never exists any such unchanging will (at least in any society that call itself democratic). The concept of government of the whole people by the whole people must be looked on as being in the poetry rather than in the prose of democracy; the fact of prose is that real democracy means government by some kind of dominant majority.
    (47)And the ever-present danger, repeatedly realized in fact, is that this dominant majority may behave toward those who are not of the majority in such a manner as to undermine the moral basis of the right of people, because they are people, to have some important say in the setting of their own course and in use of their own faculties. Other forms of government may similarly fail to respect human independence. But there is at least no contradiction in that; the underlying assumption of every kind of government by wiser and betters is that people on the whole are not fit to manage their own affairs, but must have someone else do it for them, and there is no paradox when such a treats its subjects without respect, or deals with them on the basis of their having no rights that the government must take into account.
    (48)But democracy affirms that people are fit to control themselves, and it cannot live in the same air with the theory that there is no limit to the extent to which public power—even the power of a majority can interfere with the lives of people.
    Rational limitation on power is therefore not a contradiction to democracy, but is of the very essence of democracy as such. Other sorts of government may impose such limitations on themselves as an act of grace. (49)Democracy is under the moral duty of limiting itself because such limitation is essential to the survival of that respect for humankind which is in the foundations of democracy. Respect for the freedom of all people cannot, of course, be the only guide, for there would then be no government. Delicate ongoing compromise is what must be looked for. (50)But democracy, unless it is to deny its own moral basis, must accept the necessity for making this compromise and for giving real weight to the claims of those without the presently effective political power to make their claims prevail in elections.
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答案民主面对的一个典型难题源于这样的事实：它永远无法代表全体人民的意愿，因为永远不会有这种不变的意愿(至少在所有自称是民主的社会是这样)。
解析 同位语从句的翻译：原因状语从句的翻译；定语从句的翻译。复合句。句子主干是The classic difficulty arises from the fact that...。felt with democracy修饰 difficulty；第一个that引导的是fact的同位语从句，翻译时用冒号隔开；because引导的是原因状语从句，顺译；括号里面的内容是在进一步说明前面的内容，其中的that引导的定语从句修饰society，前置翻译。arise from意为"源于…"；will应译成"意愿"。
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