首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Humans are fascinated by the source of their failings and virtues. This preoccupation inevitably leads to an old debate: whether
Humans are fascinated by the source of their failings and virtues. This preoccupation inevitably leads to an old debate: whether
admin
2021-08-12
50
问题
Humans are fascinated by the source of their failings and virtues. This preoccupation inevitably leads to an old debate: whether nature or nurture moulds us more. A revolution in genetics has poised this as a modern political question about the character of our society: if personalities are hard-wired into our genes, what can governments do to help us? It feels morally questionable, yet claims of genetic selection by intelligence are making headlines.
This is down to "hereditarian" (遗传论的) science and a recent paper claimed "differences in exam performance between pupils attending selective and non-selective schools mirror the genetic differences between them". With such an assertion, the work was predictably greeted by a lot of absurd claims about "genetics determining academic success". What the research revealed was the rather less surprising result: the educational benefits of selective schools largely disappear once pupils’ inborn ability and socio-economic background were taken into account. It is a glimpse of the blindingly obvious—and there’s nothing to back strongly either a hereditary or environmental argument.
Yet the paper does say children are "unintentionally genetically selected" by the school system. Central to hereditarian science is a tall claim: that identifiable variations in genetic sequences can predict an individual’s aptness to learn, reason and solve problems. This is problematic on many levels. A teacher could not seriously tell a parent their child has a low genetic tendency to study when external factors clearly exist. Unlike-minded academics say the inheritability of human traits is scientifically unsound. At best there is a weak statistical association and not a causal link between DNA and intelligence. Yet sophisticated statistics are used to create an intimidatory atmosphere of scientific certainty.
While there’s an undoubted genetic basis to individual difference, it is wrong to think that socially defined groups can be genetically accounted for. The fixation on genes as destiny is surely false too. Medical predictability can rarely be based on DNA alone; the environment matters too. Something as complex as intellect is likely to be affected by many factors beyond genes. If hereditarians want to advance their cause it will require more balanced interpretation and not just acts of advocacy.
Genetic selection is a way of exerting influence over others, "the ultimate collective control of human destinies," as writer H. G. Wells put it. Knowledge becomes power and power requires a sense of responsibility. In understanding cognitive ability, we must not elevate discrimination to a science; allowing people to climb the ladder of life only as far as their cells might suggest. This will need a more sceptical eye on the science. As technology progresses, we all have a duty to make sure that we shape a future that we would want to find ourselves in.
What did a recent research paper claim?
选项
A、The type of school students attend makes a difference to their future.
B、Genetic differences between students are far greater than supposed.
C、The advantages of selective schools are too obvious to ignore.
D、Students’academic performance is determined by their genes.
答案
D
解析
由题干中的recent research paper定位到第二段第一句。事实细节题。文章第二段第一句指出,近期的一篇论文声称来自精英学校和普通学校的学生在考试成绩上的差异反映了他们基因的不同。第二句说这种论断引发了很多荒谬的主张,认为 “基因决定了学业的成功”。由此可知近期这项研究支持“基因决定智力”的观点。故答案为D)。文章只提到精英学校和普通学校学生的考试成绩有差异,并未指出不同学校对学生的未来会产生影响,故排除A);文章主要说明遗传决定论科学认为基因差异导致智力差异,并未提到学生基因差异大小的问题,故排除B);第二段第三句指出,当把学生的天资以及社会经济背景因素考虑在内时,精英学校的教育优势在很大程度上就消失了,这与C)正相反,故排除C)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/ipJ7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
A、Becausemanystudentsarecheatinginexam.B、Becausetheyhavetheaccesstosmartphones.C、Becausethepressurefromtheir
Wearelockedinagenerationalwar,whichwillgetworsebeforeitgetsbetter.Noonewantstoadmitthis,becauseit’sugly
Weusuallythinkofpaydaylenders,pawnshops(典当行)andotherhigh-costloanoperationsasalternativeformsoffinancingforpeo
《红楼梦》(DreamoftheRedChamber)是中国四大名著之一,创作于18世纪中叶。全书共120回,前80回的作者是曹雪芹,后40回由高鹗完成。通过对贾氏封建大家族(feudalclan)生活的生动描述,《红楼梦》展示了清朝封建社会的兴
A、Sheforgotthetime.B、Shedidn’tfeelhungry.C、Sheattendedaprolongedclass.D、Sheranintoanoldfriend.C①从选项可知问题问的是女士的
A、Trouble.B、Youthfulfeeling.C、Companionship.D、Pressure.B短文提到,交换生使老年人感到年轻,所以给他们带来的是年轻的感受,故B为答案。
A、Achildhastogotoschool.B、Achilddoesn’thaveenoughmoney.C、Achildisrestrictedtodoingsomethinghewantstodo.
ArecentcaseinAustraliashowshoweasilyfearcanfrustrateaninformant’sgoodintentions.InDecember,awomanwroteanonym
ArecentcaseinAustraliashowshoweasilyfearcanfrustrateaninformant’sgoodintentions.InDecember,awomanwroteanonym
A、Seeadoctorordietitian.B、Calculatethefluidamount.C、Followrecommendations.D、Controltheirfluidintake.A主讲人建议,若有人对自己
随机试题
背景资料:某科技集团新建项目,其中一栋四层框架结构原有建筑(外围护墙充墙已砌筑)需先拆除,然后在此基础上重建二十四层某建筑。总承包单位将拆除施工分包给了某公司,该公司采用人工拆除,施工过程如下:①先沿短向将梁板结构混凝土每隔两个柱距作为一个单元,并从中
题9图中,①、②、③分别为
根据《招标投标法实施条例》,下列关于招标标底及投标限价的说法正确的有()。
风险的财务转移措施有()。
转让旧房的,应按房屋的净值、取得土地使用权所支付的地价款和按国家统一规定缴纳的有关费用及在转让环节缴纳的税金作为扣除项目金额计征土地增值税。()
随机现象的特点有()。
一个人到书店购买了一本书和一本杂志,在付钱时,他把书的定价中的个位上的数字和十位上的看反了,准备付21元取货。售货员说:“您应该付39元才对。”请问书比杂志贵多少元钱?()
某研究以运动员掷铁饼的距离作为其“耐久力”的指标,作为因变量该指标存在的问题是
在考生文件夹下完成下列操作:(1)用命令新建一个名为“外汇”的数据库.并将该命令存储于one.txt中。(2)将自由表“外汇汇率”、“外汇账广”、“外汇代码”加入到新建的“外汇”数据库中。(3)用SQL语句在“外汇”数据库中新
A、105.B、115.C、150.D、120A此题需要逻辑分析且进行简单的计算。文中讲话人明确说明thesafe-trainingpulserate应当为:(220-年龄)×(60%至80%),如果是运动初始者,则乘以60%。所以假如你自4
最新回复
(
0
)