首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
The cultural and religious crisis through which the Roman Empire was passing in the fourth century is one of the most significan
The cultural and religious crisis through which the Roman Empire was passing in the fourth century is one of the most significan
admin
2021-08-19
78
问题
The cultural and religious crisis through which the Roman Empire was passing in the fourth century is one of the most significant events in the history of the world. The old pagan culture came into collision with Christianity, which received official recognition during the reign of Constantine at the beginning of the fourth century and was declared the dominant state religion by Theodosius the Great at the end of that same century. It might have seemed at first that these two clashing elements, representing two diametrically opposed points of view, would never find a basis for mutual agreement. But Christianity and pagan Hellenism did intermix gradually to form a Christian-Greco-Eastern culture subsequently known as Byzantine. Its center was the new capital of the Roman Empire, Constantinople.
The person who was chiefly responsible for the many changes in the empire was Constantine the Great. During his reign, Christianity stepped for the first time on the firm ground of official recognition. From this time forward, the old pagan empire gradually changed into a Christian empire.
The conversion of nations or states to Christianity has usually taken place during the early stage of their historical existence when the past has created no firmly established traditions, but merely some crude and primitive customs and forms of government. In such cases the conversion has caused no great crisis in the life of the people. But this was not characteristic of the Roman Empire in the fourth century. It already possessed an old world culture and had developed forms of government perfect for that time. It had a great past and an extensive body of ideas which had been assimilated by the population. This empire, changing in the fourth century into a Christian state, entered upon an era during which its past was contradicted, at times completely denied; this was bound to lead to an extremely acute and difficult crisis.
选项
答案
罗马帝国在4世纪经历的文化和宗教危机是世界历史上最重要的事件之一。古代异教文化同基督教(它在4世纪初君士坦丁统治时期得到了官方承认,并在4世纪末由狄奥多西大帝宣布为国教)发生了冲突。看起来,上述两个处于冲突中的、代表着完全对立观念的因素,似乎永远不会有调和的基础。但是,基督教和异教希腊文化确实逐渐交融,形成了基督教一希腊一东方文化,后被称为拜占庭文化,它的中心就在罗马帝国的新都一一君士坦丁堡。 在帝国发生的诸多变化中起重要作用的人物是君士坦丁大帝。在他统治时期,基督教第一次取得官方认可而且为其此后的发展奠定了坚实基础。从此以后,古老的异教帝国逐渐变成基督教帝国。 一些在其历史发展早期皈依基督教的民族或国家,鉴于它们过去的历史还没有形成牢固的传统,仅有一些模糊的、原始的习俗和管理形式,宗教的改变在人民生活中因而不曾引起巨大危机。但在4世纪的罗马帝国则不是这种情况。它已具有一种古典的世界性的文化,发展了当时颇为完善的政府机构。它有伟大的历史和深邃的思想体系——这一思想已与人民结为一体。然而这个帝国在4世纪变成了基督教国家,进入了一个新的时期。在这一时期内,帝国的过去被否定了,有时是完全的否定,这势必会引起特别尖锐且难以渡过的危机。
解析
这句话的主干是The old pagan culture came into collision with Christianity,其后的定语从句修饰Christianity,因为基督教并不是此处的重点,因此将整个定语从句翻译为括号里的内容,句式更简洁,逻辑更清晰。
通过might have可知,本句是对过去事情的推测,意为“可能已经……”,在翻译时添加表不确定推测的“似乎”一词。representing two diametrically opposed points of view解释了两种文化元素不相容的原因,正是因为两种文化元素代表截然对立的观点,所以才水火不容,翻译时按照这样的因果逻辑调整语序,更符合中文的表达习惯。
conversion通常表示“转变”,同时也包含“改变信仰”之意,即通常所说的“皈依”。when在这里引导定语从句,修饰during the early stage of their historical existence,由于从句内容主要说宗教改变在人民生活中不曾引起巨大危机的原因,翻译此从句时用“鉴于”一词引出完整的主谓结构来说明本句话的时间背景,与下一句中的In such cases形成衔接。
population意为“人口”,也可表示“全体居民”,结合语境可知,这里表示罗马帝国的人民。assimilate意为“同化”,结合思想体系和人民之间的关系,选用“结为一体”这样的表述,生动地描述了思想与人融为一体的内涵,同时也符合中文的行文习惯。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/jX5a777K
本试题收录于:
翻译硕士(英语翻译基础)题库专业硕士分类
0
翻译硕士(英语翻译基础)
专业硕士
相关试题推荐
C02equivalent
知识产权
TheconiferhedgesinfrontofJ.K.Rowling’sseventeenth-centuryhouse,inEdinburgh,areabouttwentyfeettall.Theyreachh
解决民生问题
TheCenterfortheImplementationofPublicPoliciesPromotingEquityandGrowth(CIPPEC)isaleadingthinktankinArgentina.It
扶贫、脱贫
新型农村合作医疗是由政府组织、引导、支持,农民自愿参加,个人、集体和政府多方筹资,以大病统筹为主的农村居民医疗互助共济制度。
古之学者必有师。师者,所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者,孰能无惑?惑而不从师,其为惑也,终不解矣。生乎吾前,其闻道也,固先乎吾,吾从而师之;生乎吾后,其闻道也,亦先乎吾,吾从而师之。吾师道也,夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎?是故无贵无贱,无长无少,道之所存,师
我们将高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,继续处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构、管理通胀预期的关系,加快推进经济发展方式转变和经济结构调整,着力保障和改善民生,努力巩固经济社会发展良好势头
Theancestorsofalllivingspecieswerethebest-adaptedindividualsoftheirday,justasfuturebeing,ifnaturalselectioni
随机试题
事件的重复
A.PR间期延长B.QT间期延长C.两者都是D.两者都不是房室传导阻滞的心电图特征是
通过阻断M受体而解救有机磷中毒的药物是
下列一系列地基处理方法中处理湿陷性黄土较理想的是()。
设计进度计划主要是确定各设计阶段的()。
以下对财产保险和人寿保险的比较正确的是( )。
衡量受教育者道德修养水平的重要标志是()。
公安派出所民警小王、老陈接到钱某报警,到现场经过调查,了解到因钱某长期拖欠房租,房主叶某让钱某搬离,双方有一些口角,之后发生拉扯,钱某手臂上有一小处淤青,叶某出示了租房合同,钱某无异议,但提出有些条款不合理,双方请民警主持公道。下列关于民警处理警情正确的说
Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?
TheInternetprovidesanamazingforumforthefreeexchangeofideas.Giventherelativelyafewrestrictionsgoverningaccess
最新回复
(
0
)