Listen to the following passage. Write in English a short summary of 150-200 words of what you have heard on the ANSWER SHEET. Y

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问题 Listen to the following passage. Write in English a short summary of 150-200 words of what you have heard on the ANSWER SHEET. You will hear the passage only once and then you will have 25 minutes to finish your summary. This part of the test carries 20 points. You may need to scribble a few notes to write your summary.
Culture is what instilled in us in an all-around way which can assume different forms under diverse historic and geographic contexts. It is represented through the art, literature, costumes, customs and traditions of a community. Different cultures exist in different parts of the world. The natural environment greatly affects the lifestyle of the people in that region, thus shaping their culture. The diversity in the cultures around the world is also a result of the mindsets of people inhabiting different regions of the world.
        The importance of culture lies in the fact that it is a link between people and their value systems. It influences their views, their values, their humor, their hopes, their loyalties, and their worries and fears. So when you are working with people and building relationships with them, it helps to have some perspective and understanding of their cultures. Furthermore, as the world is becoming increasingly diverse and includes people of many religions, languages, economic groups and other cultural groups, it is of necessity that we should be fully aware of why culture is essential to human beings.
        The cultural values of a community give it an identity of its own. A community gains a character and a personality of its own, because of the culture of its people. Culture is shared by the members of a community. It is learned and passed from the older generations to the newer ones. For an effective transfer of culture from one generation to another, it has to be translated into symbols. Language, art and religion serve as the symbolic means of transfer of cultural values between generations.
        Culture is a bond that ties the people of a region or community together. It is that one common bond, which brings the people of a community together. The customs and traditions that the people of a community follow, the festivals they celebrate, the kind of clothing they wear, the food they eat, and most importantly, the cultural values they adhere to, bind them together. The cultural values help develop a sense of belonging, and a feeling of unity in the minds of the people of that particular culture. People of a culture share their traditions and to a certain extent, their ideologies. They have a similar way of thinking and living. If they belong to the same religion, their belief system is the same, which further leads to a feeling of oneness among them.
        Culture is seen as a system of social control, wherein people shape their standards and behavior. The cultural values form the founding principles of one’s life. They influence one’s principles and philosophy of living. They impact our way of living and thus affect our social life.

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答案 Culture is infiltrated in people in an all-around way and has different forms under different historic and geographic contexts. The diversity in the cultures is also influenced by the mindsets of people living in different areas. The importance of culture lies in its role as a link between people and their value systems. When working with people and building relationships with them, it helps to know and understand their cultures. With increasing worldwide diversity, it is of necessity that we should be aware of why culture is essential to human beings. The cultural values of a community give it an identity of its own. And, for an effective transfer of culture from one generation to another, it has to be translated into symbols. Furthermore, culture is a bond that ties the people of a region or community together. The cultural values help develop a sense of belonging, and a feeling of unity. People of a culture share their traditions and to a certain extent, their ideologies. Finally, culture has a social-control function which regulates people in shaping their standards and behavior. Cultural values impact our way of living and thus affect our social life.

解析         本文主要论述的是文化及其重要性。文章首先对文化进行总述,说明文化的渗透性、多样性及影响因素。然后,文章指出了文化的重要性,表明其对人类产生的影响,并且指出人们在人际交往中需要对文化提起重视的必要性,从而引出对文化的重要性的进一步论述。 第三、四、五段是对文化的重要性的具体阐释,从群体身份的认同、联系纽带的建立、社会制约的形成三个方面展开,具体说明文化对人类所产生的影响和作用。
综述的主要点:
1. Culture is what infiltrated in us in an all-around way which can assume different forms under diverse historic and geographic contexts.本句是文章的引子,对文章主要论述对象进行概括性描述。
        要点表达:
        (1)Culture is…结构
        (2)infiltrate渗透
        (3)different/diverse不同的、多样的
        (4)historic and geographic contexts历史地理背景
2. The importance of culture lies in the fact that it is a link between people and their value systems.本句是本文论点的核心。
        要点表达:
        (1)The importance of culture lies in…结构
        (2)link连接
3. The cultural values of a community give it an identity of its own.本句是文章的第一个分论点。
        要点表达:
        (1)The cultural values…结构
        (2)community群体
        (3)identity身份
4. Culture is a bond that ties the people of a region or community together.本句是文章的第二个分论点。
        要点表达:
        (1)Culture is a bond that…结构
        (2)tie联结
5. Culture is seen as a system of social control, wherein people shape their standards and behavior.本句是文章的第三个分论点。
        要点表达:
        (1)Culture is seen as…结构
        (2)social control社会制约
        (3)standard标准
        (4)behavior行为
综述的次要点:
1. The diversity in the cultures around the world is also a result of the mindsets of people inhabiting different regions of the world.该句是对文章主干内容的补充信息。
        要点表达:
        (1)The diversity in the cultures…结构
        (2)mindset思维模式
2. It influences their views, their values, their humor, their hopes, their loyalties, and their worries and fears.该句是支持文章观点的重要细节,使综述更加详尽。
        要点表达:
        (1)It influences…结构
        (2)view观点
        (3)value价值
3. When you are working with people and building relationships with them, it helps to have some perspective and understanding of their cultures.该句是对主于内容的进一步深化。
        要点表达:
        (1)When … it helps to…结构
        (2)relationship人际关系
        (3)understanding理解
4. As the world is becoming increasingly diverse and includes people of many religions, languages, economic groups, and other cultural groups, it is of necessity that we should be fully aware of why culture is essential to human beings.该句承上启下,标志下文分论点的展开。
        要点表达:
        (1)As…it is of necessity…结构
        (2)increasingly diverse越来越多样化
        (3)necessity必要性
5. A community gains a character and a personality of its own, because of the culture of its people.该句是对文章主干内容的具体阐释,有助于明晰文章论点。
        要点表达:
        (1)A community gains…结构
        (2)character特征
6. For an effective transfer of culture from one generation to another, it has to be translated into symbols.该句是对文章论述内容的展开与深入。
        要点表达:
        (1)It has to be…结构
        (2)transfer传递
        (3)symbol符号
7. The cultural values help develop a sense of belonging, and a feeling of unity in the minds of the people of that particular culture.该句是对文章分论点的进一步展开。
        要点表达:
        (1)The cultural values help…结构
        (2)a sense of belonging归属感
        (3)unity 协调、一致
8. People of a culture share their traditions and to a certain extent, their ideologies.该句是对文章内容的进一步深入。
        要点表达:
        (1)People of a culture share…结构
        (2)traditions传统
        (3)ideology思想意识
9. The cultural values form the founding principles of one’s life.该句是支持文章主干内容的重要细节。
        要点表达:
        (1)The cultural values form…结构
        (2)principle准则、规范
10. They impact our way of living and thus affect our social life.该句是对文章论点的进一步深入。
        要点表达:
        (1)They impact…结构
        (2)way of living生活方式
        (3)social life社会生活
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