2. 外语
  3. In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employer—government or private- -should have little or no impact on the

In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employer—government or private- -should have little or no impact on the

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问题     In a perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employer—government or private- -should have little or no impact on the earnings differentials between women and men. However if there is discrimination against one sex, it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be the same. Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with the type of employer. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuchs’s results suggest that the earnings of women in an industry composed of government employees would by 14. 6 percent greater than the earnings of women in an industry composed exclusively of private employees, other things being equal.
    In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either government or private employer discrimination on the earnings of women employees. To test this hypothesis, Brown made an experiment. His results suggest that men and women are not treated the same by employers and consumers. For men, self-employment is the highest earnings category, with private employment next, and government lowest. For women, this order is reversed.
    One can infer from Brown’s results that consumers discriminate against self-employed women. In addition, self-employed women may have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions.
    Brown’s results do not prove that government does not discriminate against women. They do, however, demonstrate that if government is discriminating against women, its discrimination is not having as much effect on women’s earnings as is discrimination in the private sector. (302 words)
Which of the following titles best describes the content of the passage as a whole?
选项 A、The Necessity for Earnings Differentials in a Free Market Economy.
B、How Discrimination Affects Women’s Choice of Type of Employment.
C、Why Women Are Discriminated by Government Employers, Private Employers and Consumers.
D、The Relative Effect of Discrimination by Government Employers, Private Employers, and Consumers on Women’s Earnings.
答案D
解析 文章第一段叙说的是政府和私营雇主在工资给予方而都存在性别歧视．只是程度有所不同。第二、三段讲的是女性老板也会遭受到顾客、供直商等的歧视．从另外一个方面叙说在市场经济里女性的劣势D较好地概括了这些方面。
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